Multigrade: Teacher and Students

| Multigrade instructing includes the educating of kids from at least two evaluation levels in a single study hall. Such settings requires the work of specific showing procedures and study hall organization. Since Multigrade classes are littler and can be set up more economically than complete schools, they can be increasingly various, accordingly progressively scattered and along these lines found nearer to the settlements where the youngsters live. This implies both that more youthful kids can join in and that the time youngsters spend going among school and home can be diminished to an adequate level. This thus implies there is adequate time outside school hours for the kids to keep on adding to the family's monetary action . Going to class is in this manner prone to be increasingly satisfactory to the families concerned, and subsequently both increment the quantity of kids accepting training and diminish the disappointment rate. Multigrade schools, being littler and progressively scattered, would appreciate a lot nearer interfaces with the littler networks that they would be set up to serve. This would have an extremely beneficial outcome on neighborhood perspectives and access to instruction. The expert instructor is a distinct advantage individual in the Multigrade setting. The nearby substance is a huge piece of the educational plan, it is especially critical to determine the issue of naming all around prepared and privately arranged instructors. Introductionâ 1. A normal elementary teacher is sick prepared to deal with a multigrade homeroom circumstance. 2. The idea of the educational program and course readings, which are arranged predominantly in a monograde setting make further issues. 3. Instructor preparing programs have not concentrated on reasonable issues and methods for dealing with multigrade educating contemplates. 4. There is no preparation bundle for multigrade educators. The viewpoints could be;  â€Â         Time the executives          Improving showing aptitudes          Preparation and association of the showing learning materials. â€Â         Organisation of craftsmanship and social exercises. 5. Plans are not adaptable enough. Educators of MC ought to have additional planning time. Instructors doled out to MC should ideal be the individuals who are generally ready to educate. In administration and data concerning fitting groupings, study hall association, instructional systems and educational program alteration ought to be given to directors and instructors. In a MC there is regard for various learning styles. Educators structure a positive learning condition where kids feel fruitful, create positive self-ideas and are useful and delicate to other people. The understudy profit by having the chance to remain with a similar instructor and cohorts and experience a similar showing style and routine over a two-year (mineral more) period. In a MC there is an ideal opportunity to perceive that a childs social and passionate needs are as significant as scholastic needs. Another bit of leeway of over one year in a MC is the relationship created between the instructor and the whole family. Understudies feel they are effective when they are working at their own level and realize that everybody ought to have the option to do something very similar simultaneously. Every youngster is acknowledged at their own place on the formative learning circumstance. The instructor sets aside some effort to survey assesses and plan following stages for every youngster. Separate subjects are supplanted by an incorporated educational program, which draws in kids in significant exercises that investigate ideas and themes pertinent and important to the lives of the youngsters. In a study hall where all kids are learning at various rates and are not no different age, there is a little rivalry. By helping one another, understudies strengthen their own comprehension of information, aptitudes and perspectives. Discussions are energized as the kids talk through their work in progress. These discussions assist them with seeing exactly what they have realized. Multigrade study halls take the focal point of addressing the necessities of the entire gathering of students rather address the issues of every individual understudy. | I. On the meeting on MGT inâ 1988, composed by UNESCO, five general issues came out:a. Insufficiently prepared educators. b. Shortage of fluctuated levels and kinds of materials. c. Absence of adaptable and unique kinds of educational plan association. d. Insufficient school offices. e. Absence of motivating forces for instructors in various classes. II. Multigrade in Vietnam, the issues. a. There is a genuine lack of educators, particularly gifted instructors for MGT. b. Educators of MGT are working in various disengaged conditions. c. The preparation of instructors for MG classes doesn't meet the prerequisite in either quality or amount. d. The greater part of the MG schools need reading material, manuals and reference material. e. Multigrade classes are in terrible conditions. III. What is the chiefs job in a multigrade chool? a. The chief assumes a key-job in making a steady school culture. b. The head, the head educator must guarantee that all instructors feel bolstered. c. The head must give educators chances to learn multigrade showing techniques, screen the advancement of execution and give the instructors commendation, input and recommendations. d. The head ought to be adroit at encouraging positive, agreeable collaborations among showing colleagues. IV. There are unmistakable qualities of fruitful multigrade instructors, which ought to be considered in educator choice. . Well-organizedb. Inventive and flexiblec. Ready to buckle down. d. Asset full. e. Self coordinated. f. Ready to work intimately with the network. g. Solid faith in the significance of participation and moral duty in the homeroom with the capacity to build up these qualities in understudies. h. Earlier effective involvement with the evaluation levels to be educated. V. Seven general sorts of exercises found in many class rooms:a. Tranquil or singular investigation. b. Testingc. Entire class guidance. d. Accomplice worke. Gathering discussionf. Reference work. QUESTIONS/ACTIVITY 1. By what method will/would you be able to make an empowering and viable instructing learning condition in a multigrade study hall. 2. How could instructors invest more energy in a specific subject or practice work? 3. In what manner can an instructor keep up discipline in a multigrade study hall? 4. Which instructing helps are explicit for a multigrade educating? 5. In what capacity can an educator be empowered to arrange the topic in the most ideal manner? 6. By what means can the educator comprehend the holes in their showing technique, and acknowledge understudy needs better? FACTS 1. Multigrade instructors must be prepared to give various exercises simultaneously to students at various evaluation levels. . Kids sit in grade-bunches confronting their own writing board (BB)3. In the event that there are two evaluation bunches in the class the BB are set either end of the study hall with kids looking inverse headings. 4. During the exercises the instructor moves much of the time be tween the various gatherings. 5. Give perusing directions to one evaluation; offer correspondence to the next evaluation. 6. One evaluation is duplicating penmanship math practices from the BB, the other evaluation will be told on another math thing. 7. The additional work engaged with multigrade instructing must be perceived by giving teachersâ 50% extra compensation for two rades andâ 75% for at least three evaluations. 8. Instructors in multigrade study halls must get a ton of help and should meet routinely with educators from other multigrade schools. | Direct Instruction Direct guidance is exceptionally educator coordinated and normally utilized. It is viable for giving data or creating bit by bit aptitudes. This procedure likewise functions admirably for presenting other showing techniques or effectively including understudies in information development. a. Organized Overviewâ †sorting out ideas and materials in a way that is effectively comprehended by understudies. b . Express Teachingâ †unequivocal instructing includes six educating functions:|  · day by day audit  · introducing new material  · leading guided practice  · giving input and correctives  · directing free practice  · week after week and month to month review| | c. Authority Lectureâ †a technique to convey noteworthy measures of data in a generally brief timeframe. The nature of a talk might be improved by joining sound and visual guides and empowering communication between the instructor and the understudies. d. Drill and Practiceâ †organized, dreary survey of recently learned ideas so as to expand level of authority. . Think about and Contrastâ †understudies search for similitudes and contrasts. f. Instructional Questionsâ †will in general be joined, genuine and frequently start with â€Å"what,† â€Å"where,† â€Å"when,† and â€Å"how. † These may likewise incorporate â€Å"why† and â€Å"what if† qu estions. g. Demonstrationsâ †educator shows and advises the best way to accomplish something. h. Aides for Reading, Listening, and Viewingâ †giving driving inquiries, charts, or proclamations to help understudies in concentrating on the significant thoughts inside content, talk, media, or different introductions. A subsequent conversation may help with summing up the movement. Roundabout Instruction Indirect guidance is basically understudy focused, albeit immediate and circuitous guidance can supplement one another. Circuitous guidance looks for an elevated level of understudy inclusion in watching, exploring, drawing derivations from information, or shaping speculations. It exploits understudies' advantage and interest, frequently reassuring them to produce choices or take care of issues. It is adaptable in that it liberates understudies to investigate assorted prospects and decreases the dread related with the chance of offering off base responses. Aberrant guidance additionally encourages imagination and the advancement of relational aptitudes and abili

International baccalaureate primary-year-program Essay

Universal baccalaureate essential year-program - Essay Example My first very introduction to the educational program of International Baccalaureate was at a data morning, when I was a piece of a course held in a decent framework school in suburbia of Mumbai, India. Right now, I have an involvement with an IB school, showing the PYP: because of my training. The International Baccalaureate (IB), some time ago known as the International Baccalaureate Organization, is a charitable establishment which gives instructive items to the worldwide network. Established in 1968 in Switzerland, IB's unique strategic to give educational program to schools; cooking for offspring of Western negotiators who voyaged habitually. The thought was to keep the educational program steady between schools so as to serve the requirements of these understudies as they moved starting with one nation then onto the next. Today, the association directs three projects, which are accessible for buy by intrigued schools. The three projects of the IB schools are as per the followin g: Primary Years Program(PYP) established in September 1997 caters 3 †12 years Middle Years program(MYP) presented in 1994 caters 11 †16 years Diploma Program ( IBDP) acquainted in 1969 provides food with 16 †19 years I picked the IB PYP board as I was intrigued by the broadness of study, the potential for singular decision, the chance to create and follow my enthusiasm as expressed at an early stage and the incorporation of CAS (innovativeness, activity and administration). Regarding this module and my experience, IB PYP has truly taken brimming with my consideration. I trust I will have the option to impart my pith of contemplations on paper and do appropriate equity to this module without being excessively predisposition or basic. Watchwords: Curriculum, International Baccalaureate Primary year program(IB PYP). Presentation The International Baccalaureate Primary Year Program is one of the numerous instructive projects of the International Baccalaureate (IB) framew ork. The program provides food for understudies who are 3 to 11 years old. Its essential objective is to set up the understudies for the center year’s program of the IB framework (IBO.org 2009). Like any IB program the essential year program was done so as to improve the aptitudes of small kids to make them educated, mindful and asking. The essential objective of the program was to deliver youngsters who have intercultural comprehension and regard with the goal that they will have the option to help make a superior and tranquil world. This objective was to be accomplished on the grounds that the program was a transnational program that instilled the way of life and foundation of a few countries and individuals with no separation at all. Another objective of the program is to create understudies who comprehend the distinctions of others. These understudies will be urged to get dynamic, sympathetic, and deep rooted students.  There are ten qualities that the Primary years pro gram (PYP) expects to improve or create and these are: Inquirers, Knowledgeable, scholars, communicators, principled, receptive, mindful, Risk takers, adjusted, and intelligent. As said at an opportune time, the International Baccalaureate intends to create inquisitive, learned and caring youngsters who help to make a superior and progressively quiet world through intercultural comprehension and regard. To this end the association works with schools, governments and worldwide associations to create testing projects of global instruction and thorough evaluation. These projects energize understudies over the world to get dynamic, sympathetic and deep rooted students who comprehend that others, with their disparities, can likewise be correct. Be that as it may, how viable is the PYP? Have the points and motivations behind the PYP program truly been accomplished practically speaking? Are there hypotheses or studies that help the viability of the PYP program? This article assesses and breaks down the points and reasons for the PYP program and how likely these projects are accomplished in pract

Data Communication Using the Top-Down Approach Essay - 2

Information Communication Using the Top-Down Approach - Essay Example As indicated by Hicks (2004), this the top down underscores on arranging just as an all out comprehension of the framework and for this situation coding doesn't start until an adequate degree of detail has been achieved. This structure was advanced by Harlan Mils who was an IBM specialist and Niklaus Wirth during the 1970s.  Equity initial a home loan business organization situated in New England has a brought together activities place. This inside which is situated in Exeter, New Hampshire, is the focal point everything being equal and it, consequently, controls all the tasks of the other ten branches in Maine and Massachusetts. It is additionally the authoritative focus as it has offices, for example, bookkeeping, HR, official administration, and care staff. The tasks place keeps up a focal database used to store client data, for example, advance applications, credit check data, and endorsement status. This satisfies the principal prerequisite that the top-down model needs to have a focal office that deals with all the tasks.  Computer organizing utilizing the top-down methodology centers around new short interval and inevitable ‘putting everything together’ that follows the inclusion of the system, information connect layers, transport amazement well as application (Hicks 2004). Every office at Equity initially is currently confident as they don't depend on the principle office to guarantee upkeep just as viable correspondence. It is likewise liable for the diminishing in blunders with regards to tasks consequently no postponements or breaks downs in correspondence happens on the grounds that every activity happens independently. It is additionally very simple to keep up in light of the fact that the blunders are not many and are anything but difficult to distinguish and address.

Things You Should Avoid When Writing About Texas History

Things You Should Avoid When Writing About Texas HistoryIf you want to get an A+ grade on your Texas history essay topics, then you need to make sure you are serious about your efforts. We are talking about essay topics. There are some things that you need to be careful about when looking for information to write about. Some of the pitfalls to be aware of include the following.Most of us start to learn about the school curriculum during first grade. This is the perfect opportunity to start in on any written work you may have in the future, but this is the wrong time to get too caught up in the details of the curriculum.For example, if you are teaching about the founding of Texas, make sure you don't get too caught up on the state's relationship with Mexico. Think of it this way. As much as you love the words 'Texas founded Texas', you really only learned about it by reading the curriculum book at school.When you start to write on this topic, don't make it too focused on a time period . The reason is that when you make an essay, the first thing that will come to mind is the moment that the country got all its independence and gained all the freedom that they have today. It would be better to have two lines that you will look for when you start your essay, one about the world history of Texas and the other about its history.Also, remember that essay topics are not an easy subject to write about. If you are unfamiliar with this topic, you may run into some problems with your essay. This is the best time to take the time to learn about this topic. Most of the things that you will learn about the topic when you are a freshman in high school will only apply to someone who has already been exposed to the subject at that point.Remember, you need to make sure that you don't forget some of the history or more important, the concept of how Texas came into being. Try to find some of the past books that deal with the historical period of Texas and the foundation of its gover nment. Then come up with a couple of graphs or tables that describe some of the things that took place during this time. By taking some time to look into these topics, you will be able to better relate to your essay to the textbook material.These are some of the things that you need to take into consideration before you start writing about Texas history. If you are having trouble making an essay on Texas history topics, consider hiring an instructor to help you with your assignment.

The Persistence of Love in Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1062 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Romeo and Juliet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Throughout Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, outside forces, particularly those resulting from the ongoing feud between the Montague and Capulet families, constantly test the title characters’ passionate love for each other. However, these conflicts unexpectedly fail to destroy the relationship between Romeo and Juliet and in fact render it stronger. The scenes depicting the tension between Mercutio and Tybalt, Juliet and her parents, and the Montagues and Capulets illustrate that these outside forces serve to embolden and amplify Romeo and Juliets love. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Persistence of Love in Romeo and Juliet" essay for you Create order Through the persistence of Romeo and Juliet’s love despite the obstacles they face, Shakespeare conveys to the reader that love is more powerful than hate. The fight between Mercutio and Tybalt reveals the effect on Romeo of his relationship with Juliet and the endurance of his love for her despite the hatred between their families. As Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin, approaches Mercutio, Romeo’s servant, a fight begins to brew. When Romeo enters, he interjects and urges them to stop fighting. Tybalt taunts Romeo, telling him, â€Å"No better term than this, thou art a villain!† (3.1.57). Tybalt’s attack and his threats to both him and Mercutio force Romeo to choose his loyalties. As a Montague, his duty is to defend his family name and fight Tybalt. But the confrontation instead forces Romeo to side with his new bride, whom he has recently married in secret. Rather than attacking Tybalt, Romeo seeks to include him in the love Romeo feels for Juliet: â€Å"Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee / Doth much excuse the appertaining rage / To such a greeting† (3.1.58-61). Romeo’s love for and marriage to Juliet have thus transformed him, blurring the lines between the Montagues and the Capulets: â€Å"And so, good Capuletwhich name I tender / As dearly as my ownbe satisfied† (3.1.67-68). By his own estimation, Romeo has become â€Å"effeminate† and his valor â€Å"softened† because of his love for Juliet (3.1.110-111). Through Romeo’s transformation, Shakespeare shows the audience that love is stronger than hate. Although Romeo eventually kills Tybalt to avenge Mercutio’s death, his love for Juliet perseveres despite the rivalry between the two families. Test The Love Between Juliet And Romeo Similarly, Juliet’s parents test the love between her and Romeo, which unexpectedly strengthens their relationship. When Juliet objects to her father’s plans for her to marry Paris, Sir Capulet becomes enraged and threatens to disown Juliet: â€Å"An you be mine, I’ll give you to my friend. / An you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, / For, by my soul, I’ll neer acknowledge thee† (3.5.192-194). While the audience would expect for Juliet to obey her father and marry Paris, Juliet unexpectedly does the opposite and runs to Friar Lawrence for help. Sir Capulet’s ultimatum, coupled with Lady Capulet’s concurrence and the nurse’s praise of Paris, drive Juliet to abandon her life as a Capulet and to seek out Romeo, who has already been cast out. Juliet tells Friar Lawrence she would rather die than live without Romeo: â€Å"O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris, / From off the battlements of yonder tower; / †¦ And I will do it without fear or doubt, / To live an unstained wife to my sweet love† (4.1.78-79, 88-90). Sir Capulet’s threats therefore serve to solidify Juliet’s resolve to be a wife to Romeo and give her the strength to carry out the plan that Friar Lawrence concocts: â€Å"Love give me strength, and strength shall help afford† (4.1.126). By showing the audience that Juliet would rather die than be forced to marry someone other than Romeo, Shakespeare shows the audience that love can overcome any obstacles. In addition to the obstacles that Romeo and Juliet face individually, perhaps the most significant obstacle to their relationship is the hatred between their two families, which prevents them from meeting. Because they are not able to visit each other publicly, Romeo and Juliet are forced to arrange secret meetings. The lack of communication seemingly emboldens Romeo and Juliet, whose love for each other appears stronger each time they meet. Shakespeare uses Romeo’s language to reflect the deepening of his love for Juliet. When he first sees Juliet, Romeo describes mostly her beauty, saying Juliet â€Å"teach[es] the torches to burn bright† (1.5.42) and â€Å"hangs upon the cheek of night / Like a rich jewel† (1.5.43-44). The chorus explains that because of the families’ feud, Romeo does not have as much opportunity to woo Juliet as others would: â€Å"Being held a foe, he may not have access / To breathe such vows as lovers use to swear† (2.prologu e.9-10). Despite their inability to meet freely, Romeo and Juliet’s relationship progresses, as reflected by the language they use to describe their love. When they meet at the quarters of Friar Lawrence, Romeo says, â€Å"Ah, Juliet, if the measure of thy joy / Be heaped like mine †¦ / then sweeten with thy breath / This neighbor air, and let rich music’s tongue / Unfold the imagined happiness that both / Receive in either by this dear encounter†(2.6.24-29). Shakespeare’s comparison of love to the sound of â€Å"rich music† reflects how ardent Romeo’s love is for Juliet. Similarly, Juliet explains to Romeo that her â€Å"true love is grown to such excess / I cannot sum up sum of half my wealth† (2.6.34). Whereas at their first meeting Romeo compares Juliet to a jewel, as the play progresses, Romeo and Juliet refer to a love that cannot be quantified and that is richer than any ornament. By showing the progression of Romeo and Juliet’s love despite their lack of time together, Shakespeare demonstrates that â€Å"passion lends them power† (2.prologue.13) and love overpowers hatred. Conclusion Romeo and Juliet’s love is tested time and again throughout the play, especially by outside forces. Rather than crumbling, their love perseveres until they end their lives rather than allowing their families to keep them apart. Their ability to overcome obstacles convinces the reader that love is more powerful than hatred. Ironically, although Romeo and Juliet’s love for each other is not enough to unite their families during their lives, it is in their death that the Capulets and the Montagues are able to reconcile. The families’ vows to raise statues of Romeo and Juliet in Verona so that their love can be remembered gives the reader hope that at last love has prevailed.

Nature Vs Nurture Environment Essay - 2137 Words

INTRODUCTION NATURE VS NURTURE[ENVIRONMENT] Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. – John B. Watson. Generally, using the terms nature and nurture as a suitable catch-phrase for the roles of genetics and environment in human and animal development dates way back to 13th century France. Some scientists feel that people act according to genetic inclinations or animal instincts. This is the nature theory of human behavior. Other scientists suggest that people reason and act in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is the nurture theory of human behavior. The increasing understanding of the human genome has made it clear that both parties of the controversy have merit. Nature gives us inborn abilities and traits and it takes these genetic propensities and molds them as we learn and develop . The nature vs environment† argument is still on, as scientists debate over how much of who we are is shaped by genes and how much by the environment. Nature The human genome has been proven to determine the different traits that we have, majorly on the physical characters like eye color, hair color, ear size,Show MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Environment Essay2164 Words   |  9 Pages NATURE VS NURTURE[ENVIRONMENT] Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. – John B. Watson. Generally, using the terms nature and nurture as a suitable catch-phraseRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment1174 Words   |  5 Pagesquote remains a mystery. Appearance is in nature and character is nurtured. Which one is more dominant on the other is a question waiting to be answered. The widely explored nature vs. nurture debate is best examined by looking at, hereditary implications, environmental factors and their interdependency. Hereditary factors play an integral part in developing persons’ physical traits, emotional traits and social etiquettes. The nature/nurture debate will be explored further using theseRead More Nature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A debate between psychologist, scientists and philosopher thinkers on the spectrum of ‘nature vs. nurture’ arose concerning human development. In the nature versus nurture debate, the term nature refers to the genes we inherit while the term nurture refers to our outside environment (Nature vs. Nurture: Twin and Adoption Studies). This debate of ‘nature vs. nurture’ has existed for centuries and up to now it is still a topic of major discussion although at present time. Human developmentRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesIn trying to understand human behavior, professionals for centuries have looked at the nature vs. nurture theory. While it is known that the physical traits such of eye or hair color have to do with nature, some strongly believe that genes play a part in the way we behave such as in personality and intelligence and others believe that we behave a certain way solely due to our environment. Profe ssor Jerome Kagan, from Harvard opened up a brand new world and offers a deeper understanding for theRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture: Genetics vs Environment1617 Words   |  7 Pagesbiological or genetic factor of violent/criminal or aggressive behavior is certainly a much talked about topic. The idea that certain individuals could be predisposed to violence is something definitely deserving of doing research about. The nature vs. nurture topic has been a continuing debate for many aspects of human behavior, including aggression/violent behavior and criminal behavior. There have been many studies indicating that chemical relationships between hormones and the frontal lobe ofRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture: Genetics vs Environment710 Words   |  3 Pageshow much your personality is the result of your genetic makeup, and how much is the result of the environment? The nature-nurture question is one of the oldest issues in psychology. This question is applicable to identica l twins. They are the same age, same-sex, have the same genes, live in the same house, share same stuff, given identical presents, so in other words, they share the same environment from birth. The researcher tends to know if identical twins really share the same personality. Read MoreNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay example555 Words   |  3 Pagestakes our minds to much further levels. The controversy is whether inherited genes or the environment influences and affects our personality, intelligence, behavior, development and abilities. This controversy is most often recognized as the â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† conflict. Some people believe that it is strictly genes that affect our ways of live and how we are, while others believe that it is the environment that affects us, and some believe that both of these influence our behavior. Either way, scientistsRead MoreNature vs. Nurture: Parents or Environment Essay example571 Words   |  3 Pagesthe environment, many people debate whether an individual is mostly influenced by genetics or influenced by their environment. A person’s environment can have multiple influences, but the genes passed down by parents play a huge role in developing how their offspring will turn out to be. Being unable to properly test whether certain characteristics of a person come from genetics or the influences of the environment makes this theory very difficult to understand, thus making the topic of nature vsRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Genetics vs Environment Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesclassic debated topic of Nature versus Nurture has been and will always be a quarrelsome subject in the scientific world. Meaning, the issue of the level to which environment and heredity sway behavior and development in a person. Nature can be defined as, behaviors due to heredity. This means the behaviors is based on the inherited makeup of an individual and is an influence of the growth and development of that individuals’ all through life. On the other hand nurture is causes of behaviors thatRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesgender identity develops, through the conditioning of our environments. The most influential factor of gender d evelopment, however, is still a very controversial issue. An analysis of the gender identification process reveals two main arguments in what factor most greatly contributes to gender development: biology differences (nature) or the environment (nurture). The first main factor that is said to influence gender is biology. â€Å"Nature doesn’t give a flea’s hind leg for our social theories, fads

Globalization and its Impacts on Multi-national Companies

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and its Impacts on Multi-national Companies Tata Motors Limited. Answer: Introduction: Selected MNC Company from emerging economy According to Kumar (2014), India is ranked among the leading emerging markets in the world. The growth of its gross domestic product is estimated at 8% on an annual basis. In this regard, India is the origin home country of many multi-national companies, particularly those that manufacture four wheeler automobiles. Tata Motors Limited is one of the best examples of the multi-national companies that manufacture four wheeler automobiles. According to Tata Motors (2017), Tata Motors Limited is the leading manufacturers of cars, buses, and trucks, not only in India but across the globe. The successful performance of Tata Motors across the world has been facilitated by the emergence of globalization. Globalization refers to the process of integrating the societies, economy, political, and religious activities across the world (Haller, 2016). Multinational Companies have been able to exploit the opportunities brought about by globalization to boost their production and marketing activities in order to expand their businesses. The have established their presence in foreign countries, and as a result, global companies such as Tata Motors boosted their performance and profit margins as well. Despite the numerous benefits of globalization, there are also several drawbacks of globalization to multinational companies. In line with these aspects, this research study is going to discuss the drawbacks and het benefits that the phenomenon of globalization has presented decision-makers in multinational companies by focusing on Tata Motors Limited. The paper is also going to highlight some of the vital lessons that should be learned by international managers from the interplay of the home and host country. Analysis of the benefits that globalization present to decision-makers Low cost of marketing Through globalization, decision makers have found new ways of engaging in marketing activities at much reduced costs. Marketing is the most effective way to reach new customers is through marketing activist, however, the cost of marketing activities has emerged to be one of the major challenges facing business firms (Atsmon, Kertesz, Vittal 2011). This has limited the sales volume made by business organization because of the lack of ability to reach and attract new potential customers. The challenge of high cost of marketing has been solved by the emergence of globalization, which has enabled decision makers to reduce their cost of marketing. In this regard, the decision makers at Tata Motors Limited have identified new strategies to reduce their cost of marketing their products in the various foreign countries that they venture into. For instance, Tata Motors Limited engages in the manufacturing of cars, buses, and trucks for the global market; however, they develop different desig n in order to fit the taste and preferences of the different market segments that it serves. Tata Motors Limited has been able to reduce its cost of production through the production of differentiated designs of four wheelers to fit the requirements of different target markets. There are different types of four wheelers with different designs to meet the needs of consumers of all economic classes. For example, Tata Motors Limited manufactures affordable cars such as Tiago and GenX Nano for the individual in the lower economic class. They also produce cars like Bolt and Indica, which target individuals of the high economic class. The ability to lower their marketing costs has enabled the decision-makers at Tata Motors Limited to reach their customers at much reduced cost. Increased market share All businesses are formed with the goal of making profits through sales. Therefore, business organizations strive to reach more clients and expand their markets in order to make more sales (Patel Prajapati 2014). Despite this, many companies find this a challenging task because their local markets have been overcrowded by either local or other international competitors that have ventured into their countries. This has forced local companies to venture look for markets beyond their borders. In the recent decades, the problem of market saturation has been overcome by the emergence of globalization, which has enabled the decision makers in multi-national companies to choose venturing into international markets. This is because globalization has helped Multi-national companies to easily access foreign markets through ether exporting or direct investment activities. Globalization has brought about a faster and successful integration of all countries across the globe, and this has enabled many countries do away with the rules and regulations that limited international trading activities, for example, tariffs and import duties. The elimination of trade barriers has helped global companies such as Tata Motors Limited to access foreign markets with unexplored market opportunities. Because globalization have provided easy access to international markets, this has provided the decision makers of Tata Motors Limited with the opportunity to venter into international markets. The decision makers at Tata Motors saw an opportunity to expand their markets, and as a result, the company has established itself in many foreign countries across Europe, America, Asia, and Africa. Tata Motors is present in both first class and third world countries such as UK, USA, and Kenya, where the company has enjoyed numerous sales of its four wheel products (Tata Motors Limited 2017). The company has recorded large volume of sales of personal cars because of the increased economic status of consumers in the foreign countries that they venture into. They have also recorded an increased sales of buses used for human transportation as well as trucks that are used in the logistics industries across the globe. Access to experts at a reduced-cost One of the most vital stakeholders of a business are the employees because they are the ones who manufacture and distribute the products and services; however, the cost of acquiring and maintaining employees has been a major challenge to many organizations (Atsmon, Kertesz, Vittal 2011). However, due to the emergence of globalization, multi-national companies such as Tata Motors Limited to make decisions that enable them to acquire workers at lower cost. In this regard, the decision makers have chosen to venture into other emerging markets where they have been able to gain access to low-cost workers. These opportunity has helped Tata Motors Limited to significantly reduce the cost associated with production. Tata Motors Limited has taken advantage of this opportunity to establish its wholly owned subsidiary branches in countries that have low-wage. These include developing countries such as Kenya, Senegal, Brazil, Indonesia, Vietnam, and other AAsian countries that have cheap labor. This has helped the company to engage in the mass production of four wheelers, whereby a large percentage of these products are consumed locally in the countries in which they are produced, while other are exported into other countries (those with expensive labor) for sales purpose. This strategy has helped Tata Motors Limited to significantly cut its costs of production of four wheelers. Increased access to inputs of production and technical expertise Another major opportunity that globalization has presented to the decision-makers of multi-national companies is the ability to gain access to technical expertise from other global countries (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger 2012). Because of their large size, international companies have been able to employ a pool of talented expertise from all countries across the globe. This opportunity has played a significant role in enabling these business firms to engage in the constant production of goods and the delivery of high-quality services. Tata Motors Limited has been able to hire a talented team of engineers to design, develop and manufacture their product, and this has enabled the company to produce high-quality products that meets the taste and preferences of their target clients across the globe (Tata Motors Limited 2017). This include products that are offered at cheaper prices as well as those that are more costly. Pricing has not be an issue for this company because the majority of consumer do not mind about paying high prices for high-quality products. In addition, globalization has also enabled the decision makers at Tata Motors Limited to acquire critical inputs that are used in large volume production. By gaining free access to international markets, global companies such as Tata have managed to get these production inputs that are costly or that they cannot access at the local markets (Daniels, Radebaugh, Sullivan 2011). Tata Motors Limited has gained access to raw materials that are vital for the production of the four-wheelers from first world countries like the Germany, the US and UK. Because of the opportunities of globalization, the decision makers at Tata Motors to engage in partnership with other global manufacturers of four wheelers from these two countries, for example, the Isuzu of Japan, Ferari of Italy and Mercedes of Germany to acquire vital important raw materials as well as engineers who play an important part in the production and dis tribution activities. Drawbacks of globalization to decision makers The opportunities that are brought about by the benefits of globalization has enabled multinational companies to venture into international markets. This has helped companies such as Tata Motors Limited to increase their sales volume and expand their market share; however, globalization has also come a long with numerous drawbacks to these companies as discussed in the paragraphs below (Niu Wang 2016). Rivalry and tight competition from other global business firms The decision makers have experienced a major threat resulting from the intense rivalry and stiff competition in the markets as a result of globalization. Due to globalization, there has emerged stiff competition and the availability of substitute products from other international business organizations that chose to venture into foreign markets ((Banutu-Gomez 2014). The decision makers at Tata Motors Limited are incessantly faced with the threat that is brought about by the presence of competition and substitute products from other companies. In In India and other foreign countries that Tata Motors Limited has chosen to establish itself, there are numerous international business companies that produce high-quality four wheeler automobiles that have brought about rivalry and stiff competition for Tata Motors Limited. At the global stage, Tata Motors Limited faces stiff competition from four wheeler manufacturers such as BMW, Mercedes Benz, Toyota and Isuzu. Reduction of the market share These global four wheel manufacturers have established themselves into the same foreign markets where Tata Motors Limited has also ventured. In this regard, they present a serious threat to the total market share of Tata Motors Limited because they provide products that are similar to those of Tata. Four wheel manufacturers such as BMW and Mercedes Benz supply very high-quality four wheeler products that are of high-quality than that offered by Tata Motors Limited. Therefore, three is a fierce rivalry between them and Tata Motors Limited. They also present a serious threat to the existence of Tata Motors Limited because the clients of the current century are not discouraged by the high prices that are placed on goods. Provided the product is of the desired quality, they will go ahead to purchase regardless of the price (Richardson West 2010). Leadership and cultural conflicts Globalization has brought workers from different cultural backgrounds in the same place of work. This is because international companies strive to achieve diversity which is important for increased organizational output (Atsmon, Kertesz, Vittal 2011). The differences in the culture results into differences in preferred leadership and work styles, for example, there are those workers who prefer teamwork while there are those who like to work at individual level. Including individualistic employees into a team results into conflicts and poor teamwork, hence, reduced productivity (). On the same note, the workers like teamwork are not productive on their own. There are also those who prefer transformational forms of leadership while some prefer those who embrace democratic or autocratic styles of leadership. The performance of Tata Motors Limited is impacted by cultural differences, and this is a source of threat to the decision maker who face challenges while tackling cultural differe nces. Lessons that international business managers should learn in the interaction between the host and home country differences to ensure success Meeting the needs of the consumers The managers of international businesses should learn the importance of producing and offering products that meets the taste and preferences of the target consumers in the host country as compared to the home country (Truss, Shantz, Soane, Alfes, Delbridge 2013). Different target groups have different tastes, and this is attributed to the difference in culture of host and home countries. The international managers of Tata Motors Limited have learned this lesson. They have successfully identified the different strategies. Manufacture cars, buses, and trucks in a manner that satisfies the taste and preferences of their target clients across the globe. Tata Motors Limited has developed a portfolio of differentiated products, for instance, four wheelers that are used for transport and personal use. Differences in culture, beliefs and attitudes between home and host country Culture is an important dimension of every society, and therefore, culture plays an important role in the successful business operation. In this regard, the ability to understand the cultural differences between the home and the host country is a key lesson that international business managers should learn to achieve success (Banutu-Gomez 2014). International business managers are required to understand the various cultural aspects in the host countries and compare them with those of the home country so as to identify strategies to business success. These include cultural practices such as the style of leadership that is preferred in the host country. A leaders inspires workers to attain the established goals and objectives within an organizational setting. In this regard, Tata Motors Limited has identified and implement the preferred style of leadership in the host countries, and this has helped the company to achieve employee engagement and increase performance (Van Den Born Pelto korpi 2010). Employee training Managers of international should learn the critical role that is played by constant employee training to equip them with the work ethics and knowledge and skills to lead the business into success. According to Peng (2011), offering training is important in equipping workers with the necessary knowledge and skills to enable them to increase their productivity at the workplace. The training of workers in the host countries where Tata Motors Limited has ventured has played a vital role in the companys outstanding performance all over the world. For example, Tata Motors train their workers across Asia and Africa to equip them with the required skills to maintain a competitive edge in the market. Adherence to the legal requirements International managers should learn to take into consideration the rules and regulations of business activities in the host country. These include observing the requirements such as trade tariffs, license requirements, and tax requirements in order to ensure successful business operations in the chosen country (Polesello, Amal, Hoeltgebaum 2013). In line with these aspects Tata Motors Limited has successfully complied with all the legal requirements of operating a business in all their host countries. Conclusion In conclusion, the emergence of globalization has presented decision-makers in numerous ways. Tata Motors Limited as a MNC has gained access to new markets, and hence, increased the volume of its sales. The emergence of globalization has also helped Tata Motors Limited to gain access to highly qualified workers that has facilitated the manufacturing of high-quality four wheelers across the globe. It has also enabled Tata Motors Limited to gain increased access to resources and inputs for production that are not available in India. Globalization has also presented threats to the decision makers, for example, it has brought substitutes four wheelers that has negatively impacted its performance in international markets. The host and home country interactions have important lessons for the managers of international business managers. These lessons are vital for successful business venture in foreign countries. The interactions has allowed managers to learn the vital role that the differe nce in culture plays in successful business. According to this research, understanding the culture of the host country in relation to that of the home country helps in implementing effective business practices, which leads to successful venture. It has also taught the international managers to adhere to observe the legal requirements between the host and home countries. The interaction has also taught international managers to design their products to meet the taste and preferences of consumers. Bibliography Atsmon, Y., Kertesz, A. Vittal, I., 2011, Is your emerging-market strategy local enough? McKinsey Company. Banutu-Gomez, M. 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