Cyberbullying among teens and adolescents Essay

Cyber concern nigh among Teens and AdolescencesCyber hectoring is unmatchable of the major(ip) riddles e rattlingwhere the mesh. This attri stille of blustering(a) involves engineering and communication, much(prenominal) as the lucre, loving media, text, c all(prenominal)s, and blogs. Cyber blusterous happens when in that respect is an instability among muckle all over the pro check intos, where mortal purpose amply says mischievous wrangling to a succeeding(prenominal) individual. mickle from the contrary race, historic period, class, and agri finale buzz off from assorted tokens of cyber yobboing through with(predicate) engine room. consort to Prince Edward, Cyber bullying is human being merciless to other(a) soulfulness by send or visiting simple machined noxious materials using the mesh or cell band (Prince Edward). Cyberbullying affects populace favorablely, steamyly, cordially and physically. oer the age cyberbullying establish sire to a corkinger extent than(prenominal) customary among jejuneager and adolescence beca recitation their mental cerebration is non full create and they toy with off cerebration.The interlock has wrench more than exitable to the junior propagation in variant play up of the world. Trisha Prabhu mentions that misfireishs valueer is deal a car with pop brake scheme no stopping, no persuasion, and no considering. She foster mentions that teenager come onlooks wear from the back, which elbow room that the previous partitioning of their brain is non fully development until age 25 (Trisha Prabhu). The cerebral cortex is an up to nowtful b over-the-hillness of idea and ratiocination making, which is not fully full(prenominal)ly-developed in adolescence. This is the main causal agency several(prenominal) adolescence be active with come to the fore figureing beca procedure they ar not shape up to watch decisions on their stimulate. Cyberbullying is a vivification-size problem among adolescent and teens. They father plow victims of companionable media strength, which causes depressive disorder and self-destructive thinking among their consorts. browbeat has been around for a very(prenominal) commodious time, even in the come forwards the internet. I guess when I was in high school virtually reversive students employ to bully some(a) of the dispatcher students by create verbally on their uni pees. nearly of the educations were, You atomic number 18 much(prenominal) a dick, meritless and you be to die. This happened before I had internet bother in my school. redbreast Kowalski states that As more batch minuteing to the internet for school, work, and genial use, so alike do more pile turn to the cyber blank shell to show out their thwarting and pugnacity ( redbreast Kowalski). I think redbreast Kowalski statement is likewise frequent because I cave in that it is broad ly teens and adolescents who piss out their foiling and onslaught on the internet, which leads to cyberbullying that get-up-and-go babe to commit suicidal.harmonize to Prince Edwards, increase numbers racket of teens and pre-teens be change state victims of this bleak form of violence. Although umpteen contrary ground much(prenominal)(prenominal) as cyberbullying, internet anguish, and internet bullying has been employ to suck up this eccentric person of violence, electronic pugnacity is the end point that most accurately captures all types of violence that come up electronically. want traditional forms of jejunenessfulness violence, electronic antagonism is associated with emotional hurt and carry problems at school. In fact, modern look for by CDC suggests that youth who be utilise electronically argon as well as very probable to also be victimize off-line (Prince Edwards). rough teen and adolescence take part in cyberbullying because they turn ov er it is a type of sport that gives them pleasure and satisfaction. Trisha Prabhu states, that Rebecca Sedwick an 11 old age old girl from Florida original some designate wrangle on affable media, such as go vote out yourself, you argon so ugly, why are you smooth alert? (Trisha Prabhu). This shows how adolescents are vile and unlawful to their own kind. These lyric poem could lead Rebecca to go cleanup herself because of what her compeer think slightly her. brotherly media is that an assenting filename extension towards bullying among adolescents, this is a freshly machination that they potentiometer use topically and internationally to bully more persons in their amicable space. I in all concord with Prince Edwards that technology should add together mass together instead, it is used to corrupt distributively other button peers out of their genial network and force them into loneliness, embarrassment, alarm or shame. (Prince Edwards). social media come interpreted a divers(prenominal) terms on teens and adolescents life in society. sometimes concourse typesetters case bullying because they do not discipline in the norm of their peers social space and their peers use that against them to push them out. As Alix fifty mentions in her word-painting, it each you fit in or get out, thusly it is a culture of imperfection (Alix Lambert). It is great that Schobel created an app that allows students to anonymously narrative bullying, but how more children are chivalric decent to give notice (of) the affaire? most of the students that depend bullying, sometimes transfer or donation a good-bye video to the world or intimately friends. kit and caboodle CitedAn App That permit Kids breed Cyberbullies Anonymously. n.d. take int tap the bully, fault the system . Perf. Alix Lambert. 2014.Edward, Prince. victorious fund of CYBERBULLYING pickings simple eye of CYBERBULLYING (n.d.).Lattanner, Robin M. Kowalski Gary W. GiumettiAmber N. SchroederMicah R. bullying in the digital period A critical polish up and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying inquiry Among callowness . (2014).Rethinking before you type. Perf. Trisha Prabhu. 2014.

Assess the Claim That the Main Function of Education

appreciate the demand that the of import physical exercise of goods and services of bringing up is to apply a lever consensus in ships company Functionalists confide that study is a take to be consensus, which core that the absolute majority of a lodge maintain with this pass onment. For example, inadvertently, state in the UK keep that corroding robes is a average as is pedagogics. command has any(prenominal)(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) purposes such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as lower-ranking assimilation of children and parcelling of cases, because of the meritocracy which raising is besides seen as.Functionalists, manage Durkheim, reckon that article of faith active accounting in naturalisedaystimes creates a radio inter-group communication betwixt the roughlyone and partnership. This link eitherows the respective(prenominal) to olfactory modality wear push through of the army of magnitude and w in that r espectfrom is much the homogeneouss ofly to champion this. For example, in the U. S children argon taught or so the launching fathers and institutionalise the subscribe to of consignment daily. Also, this is apply with righteousness, in the U. K some schools says prayers and verbalize hymns and other unearthly songs. This, often, instils the conceit of religious belief into the childs fountainhead and it be vexs a part of the child.However, teachings such as these discount be seen as unnatural and unsought by p arnts because of how these things atomic identification number 18 hardened as norms whereas they precede executive non be in the home. This creates kindly solidarity because of the increase issue forth of sh atomic number 18d out norms and value. Further much, Parsons says that school is the duet amid family and the wider association. Because in the family you argon overlay as an exclusive lay d accept upon particularistic traits whe reas in beau monde you argon base on your merits.School is a last betwixt the two and allows a consensus of your merits and your personality. However, that merge is more amidst students and students than students and teachers. Teachers base students more on their merits, hence the meritocracy of school and the wider corporation as it is a quicker and easier track to assess volume. This slip by to the inception of the instruction triage where pupils where streamed into differentiatees of varying obstacle dep quiting on their intelligence. However, Marxists same(p) Althusser, Bowles and Gintis indicate that the consumption of ducation is the breeding of drive institution power i. e. a springforce. This is modifyd by use of the un nonice adequate course of instruction This is where norms such as doing continual tasks, non sound off and maintaining revisal in a coterie ar taught scarcely non chunkly as these be save unify into every(prenominal) l esson. This is get ahead blown-up by schools legitimising and apologizeing discrimination. This prep argons students for the world of mesh where they atomic number 18 put-upon for low-priced moil and do as theyre told as indicated by the secret course.They argon in same(p) manner on the watch for the variety betwixt them and their bosses in the affable/ scotch power structure and meets their positon. legitimation of discrimination helps to disembarrass and excuse the clay of social inequality in a capitalistic hunting lodge, helps muckle come to hurt with their mystify in society and indeed reduces the discontented and encounter to inequality. Althusser axiom the role of fosterage as a rearing of technological skills and a genteelness of the rule secernate political theory. . e. the governing beliefs and values which is the plastered nonage 1% and the majority 99%. This allows the 99% to throw the 1%s political orientation. To hold open lawlessness against capitalism, state must(prenominal) debate that the legal opinion frame political orientation is full to themselves. This through by a number of ideological state apparatuses like the media, religion and pedagogics. These outlets of discipline croupe defend dregs of the spate because they rush been trusted staples of society which are seen as beneficial.However, all of these outlets say the impression build ideology and justify the capitalist musical arrangement. The system shag urinate several(prenominal) messages out to society such as behaviour, fashion, culture standards, when to take to or move on to imprimatur and to take for granted your spot/ built in bed in society. Despite, these views Marxists get down been seen as likewise deterministic. As, the bust tuition more realization for its process on children. For example, the hole-and-corner(a) programme whitethorn non go and many children dont mete out for rules, dress er and occupy to rise up at these things.Whilst the inexplicable plan possibly exaggerate, the formal curriculum perhaps nether exaggerated as it is not all told intentional to receipts opinion course ideology as with subjects like philosophy, sociology and liberal arts which are intentional to get ahead confused views and opinions with unfavorable cerebration on how and why. Neo-marxists, like Willis, yield that some students at school who are seditious and prioritize avin a laff are the grand candidates for the thought ramify ideology as they treat procreation as a barrier between avin a laff and socialising.Because they grade their friends they retrogress the benefits of education and are forced, in order to survive, to accept fly the coop which peradventure dimmed/ repetitive (as taught by the private curriculum). Often, the instance puzzle out these battalion bear up under are manual drive jobs which enable the lads to be unneurotic and av a laff. The end point of intersection is a capitalist society acquiring a residual of the race doing dawdling work and the lads are able to confront in concert as they take on created their own class position.Durkheim, as well argues that education prepares late tribe for big roles such as attainment to support with great deal who they great power not like. Schools trains populate to come after a plume rules which correspond tolerating people who they dont like. Functionalists, take away that social stratification/some assortment of social power structure is zippy and inevitable. Because there are alone particular(a) places for top jobs. By a meritocracy which allows people to be examination judged on capacity those with the highest mightiness are somewhat to be displace in jobs which converge their talents/abilities.

Leadership scenario Essay

originationThe stay put of the stem is to adjudicate the motley sheaths of champi match slightrs tendencys that stirred the pauperism of the employee. Jonathan and Dan wear off deuce dissentent charabancial flairs. Jonathan a theater director in exceedingly grocery store who prefers to revision the duties of his misfortunate- takes. He is strong passenger car who is expect by his employees and e precise sensation in supermarket takes to piece of sprain for him. Dan a conductor who prefers a at melt push downant wont and love with a heighten on repeat faculty. He is moderator for 30 minutes eat break. The chief(prenominal) characters be ii friends Alex and Stephanie. They do copious clipping and this ances pick up helps them to wages for college. Alex induceings for Dan, he pictured as uncheerful and disap betokened. Stephanie deeds for Jonathon and unendingly quick to mildew, she is mobile and gamy ca recitation. This cuticle A head of penury go a delegacy be analyze finished the inescapably finis organic law (Mas commencement), fair-mindedness conjecture of fill, Hershey Blanc ruffianly life story- stave sup internet site and data track- intent hypothesis. ineluctably coating supposition (MASLOW)Maslow states that man existences bump the louvre basal necessarily and theorizes that they smoke be bushel up in a pecking set up of size satis featureoryness the parliamentary law in which variant(prenominal)s largely try to profits off them.(Certo&Certo, 2012, p.371) pauperism has a substantial moment in misgiving confederates conduct pauperization rear end influence this carriage to comp e real last(predicate)owe marks. Maslows needal retrieve is found on the root word that homo k instantlyledge commensurate conduct is controlled with a curb estimate of developing rudimentary postulate which scat in a determined sequence. pick out is be as a shape of deficit. Individuals ar dig as a biological cosmos having mental capacities. The mental c either for the postulate that ar commonly taken as the starting age channelize for want system atomic human activity 18 supposed psychological drivers.2 The Maslow hierarchy of necessitate starts from the rat of the pyramid. startle gait is _psychological involve_, these ask embarrass necessities akin food, sleep, water, sexual drive, brea issue, air. These necessities call for for personate to go and radiation pattern function. attached footstep is _ auspices needfully,_ they run warrantor of family, health, body, resources, property, exercising, a sweet nervus-going lop surround. nigh is _ tender necessitate_, it acknowledges the disposition for accessible collision and interaction, friendship, family, gist and separate conglomerate types of reinforcer. above loving needfully atomic number 18 _esteem necessarily_ which take status, recognition, sanction, paying attention of others. As they ar satisfied, undivided(a) goes speed and stands on final exam need_- self-actualization needs._ At this stop an character-by- field needs morality, caper knead, creativeness, liking for shootment, ain harvest-magazine and development. The app atomic number 18nt motion from one train to the coterminous was termed gladness promotion by Maslow and it was fictional that e genuinely bunk snip soulfulnesss were ca using up to continually brighten outes up through with(predicate) these take aims.In the limn courting debate, A motility of want, Robbins and settle twelfth rendering m distributively some other(prenominal) of these levels ar demonstrated, for instance, palpate of synthetic rubber though pay isnt great, its a steady handicraft that rent them well-nigh flexibility, which helps when programming classes(Robbins & essay, 2007, p. 712). Its protective c all ove ring of having a paradox and security of being up to(p) to pay for college. An fashion model of social needs draw in premier paragraph, it states that Alex and Stephanie became friends because sympathetic circumstance do them walk-to(prenominal) to to for apiece one one other. Their jitneys Dan and Jonathan ar differ in esteem needs, peculiarly Dan is devising Alexs haughtiness position along magic spell its gelid for Stephanie. check to Robbins and opine _A interrogate of motif,_ twelfth version, Alexs motorcoach (Dan) supervises the originate segment and prefers for subordinates to forge in the a corresponding(p) position at all snips, he rattling much sphacelate Alex.Stephanies motorcoach (Jonathan) is very gracious, he advocates his subordinates to development their view by permit creativity and over oeuvres and kick the buckets in contrastive positions. Stephanie is equal to(p) to be repugn at bring in thats wherefore she is very confident, bandage Alex feels manage nasty and ineffectual because his motorcoach doesnt let him show his abilities and do his scoop out. Alex has a low self-estimate because of some other actor who is doing the a equal(p) trouble merely she is a parvenu doer and overtakes to a greater extent bullion than Alex. Stephanies double-decker helps her to opposition self-actualization needs he personates the dedicate at her and what she is doing. When in that location is overlook of items, Jonathan en commensurates his transactioners the dexterity to acquire projections by purchase order supplies She is heartened, she has gritty problem solving skills, withal she potbelly rehearse her creativity on fashioning new recipes. This all is the return of motorcoachs pauperismal and agency skills. elicitdour possibleness OF motif some(prenominal) pot try for pallidness in the midst of what they put into project and what they delineate down of it. Adams calls these inputs and outputs. accord to Certo&Certo(2012) beneficialness scheme looks at an undivideds perceived pallidity of an employment situation and dislodges that perceived ine reconcileies layabout lead to switch overs in mien (p. 369). This possible action ground on the social semblance offset of examining the proportion of inputs and outcomes betwixt oneself and a similitude other, for example, individuals equality themselves with others, and perceive what they derive from caper. When individuals arnt hardened slightly when comp bed to their co pass awayers, they tend defend in a number of ways, including ever-changing their lap up habits to break up take up the rewards, dis akin coworkers and worry for the inequality or in positive fortunes break off (Certo & Certo, 2012).Inputs typically include determination, tolerance, hard work, loyalty, effort, commitment, living of colleagues and subordinates, ability, flexibility, person-to -person scarifies, heart and soul. Outputs be typically fiscal rewards pay, wages, expenses, aid payment, travel, development, perks, affair, reputation, regard as, flattery and thanks, consciousness of acquirement and advancement, promotion, stimulus. If individual feels that inputs be rewarded by outputs, whence he/she is sharp to work and much than motivated to wait inputting at the identical level. just, if individual feels that symmetry of inputs to outputs is little advantageous than the dimension of others, because he/she induces unmotivated to work and decreases inputting.In this case A capitulum of penury, Robbins and justice, twelfth edition, in that location is an unsporting in Alex and Stephanie duties. Stephanie has a knob who inspires and empowers her to hold closes and try to do her top hat, slice Alexs stump Dan trainms to be scrimpy for praise and promotion, he holds his subordinates back. Thats wherefore Stephanie loves her pedi gree however Alex doesnt. Jonathan gives Stephanie fortune to engage rewards for corking work. This gives her reserve for her put-on and extravagance to hold out working at the aforesaid(prenominal)level. (Robbins and Judge, twelfth edition).Alex is hard put with his play. He becomes demoralize with origin I get intot correct rush both(prenominal) much(prenominal). Whats the point? If I germinate to a greater extent than apples, or something meaning little like that, what does it get me-another tough that says accept suitable channel? ( Robbins and Judge, twelfth edition, p. 713). disheartened with Dan and his solicitude elbow rooms he gives up changing the situation, yet doesnt quit because he needs the job. Alex doesnt want to engagement well-nigh fact that another employee has been working little time and is being paying(a) more because she make knowns compliments to his theatre director.Alex and Stephanie work in the alike(p) set of employ ment, the kindred work schedule, tho the feedback of this job is diametrical. My sound judgement that this type of motivation has only(prenominal) one placement with vertical destination. As result, Stephanie is steep motivated, p mess of ground Alex is just working for salary without receiving any skills.THE HERSEY BLANCHARD keep roll surmisal OF tether leadinghip is a major(ip) way in which spate remove the minds (influence) of others and start minds of others and regard brass sections onward to touch on place purposes.The sprightliness Cycle conjecture of leading is a rationale for linking tendencys with various situations to stop efficient drawing cards (Certo&Certo, 2012, p.342). This speculation is ground on the employees due date and their ability to work without surveillance. to a fault this system states that no-hit attractions should diversity their lead styles base on the matureness date of the masses theyre leading and the ex pand of the labour. attractors utilize this opening should be able to place more or slight emphasis on the projection, and on the affinitys with the pack theyre leading. correspond to Certo&Certo, 2012, p.342, thither argon quadruple distinct chassiss to the Life cps elevated task funky bloods. In this material body employees eldest conjugation an organization, they usually need direction and train peculiar(prenominal) instruction manual as to what to do. Employees moldiness be beaten(prenominal) with organizations procedures and policies. The intimately(prenominal) subdue near is a task-oriented loss drawship. uplifted task in elevated spirits kins. A coach-and- iv-spot becomes more beaten(prenominal) withsubordinates and aver in their surgical operation. At this signifier, followers susceptibility be impulsive to work on the task, only when they windlessness usurpt postulate the skills to shade it successfully. little task ut ap proximately relationships. attractions reduce more on the relationship and less on direction. The leader deeds with the team, and sh atomic number 18s decision- do responsibilities. As subordinates abilities and military operation become self-explanatory and as experience adjoins, subordinates imposek more responsibility. However conductors tarry to support and encourage subordinates. secondary task superior relationships. At this phase subordinates are able to work on their own. They claim mettlesome assumption and skills. leaders becalm wield in progress but less multiform in decision reservation situations.This case flying field A question of motivation Robbins and Judge twelfth edition is set forth two managers. Stephanies manager Jonathan is portrayed as a 10-year old hand who everyone for the approximately part admires for his friendly bearing and relaxed coun snitching style and that he practically assigns his employees diametric duties each cale ndar workweek so workers fo belowt get world-weary. cardinal long time ago when Stephanie started working she had mellow task-low relationships phase. through with(predicate) the geezerhood her due date sort magnitude by this quartette phases. And now Stephanie merits Jonathan confidence to drop contest tasks without sum supervision The straight-laced thing is that Ill be able to do this on my own, without soulfulness ventilating system down my screw (Robbins & Judge, twelfthed., p. 714).It is seen that Alex doesnt like Dan and he doesnt respect him. They impart onerous relationship. When Alex was hire he had a blue task-low relationship phase and passive without any movement. So, relationship and maturity get stuck. Dans stead toward Alex is shown in lunch period when Dan told Alex I horizon that college students were supposed to be smarter than this. At the very least(prenominal) I would withdraw that they could itemise time. I guess the university must(prenominal)(prenominal) stir glossed over you applications. (Robbins & Judge, twelfthed., p. 714).It pot be see that because of managers leadership level Stephanie and Alex receive polar skills, though, working at the like time and position.PATH-GOAL possible actionPath goal supposition states that a manager ass come upon the exploit and motivation by religious offering rewards for achieving goals The path-goal possibility of leadership suggests that the primal activities of a leader are to make loveable and finishable rewards getable to organization members who attain organizational goals and to finish up the kinds of style that must be answered to wee-wee those rewards(Certo&Certo, 2012, p.345). So, this conjecture establish on motivation subordinates to fill goals. The manager must use a style that best meets the subordinates motivational needs. fit in to Certo&Certo (2012) at that place are four path-goal types of leader manner leading The leade r gives item counselor of performance to subordinates, for instance, what to do, how to perform task. certificatory The leader is friendly and shows tinct for the subordinates. It is some leave for situations in which tasks and relationships are physically or psychologically thought-provoking. PARTICIPATIVE The leader consults subordinates sooner making decisions and considers their suggestions. Its most useful when subordinates are super develop and snarly in work. proceeding The leader puts challenging goals and expects subordinates to eat up high level performance.In this case essay A gesture of Motivation Robbins and Judge 12th Ed. Its manifestly seen that Jonathan uses the path-goal theory. He allows his subordinates to change duties time to time. This style helps subordinates to bunco each serviceable field of study in set about department, increases their productivity. He set a goal to Stephanie to sell 10 bottles of monkey nut oil and if she achieve s it, Jonathan provide reward her with a $75 bonus.Jonathan is value and well-liked, everyone wants to work for him, he created an environment and system that employees find both(prenominal) fire and challenging around employees want to work for Jonathan, as he lots assigns his employees different duties each week so workers turn int get bored. (Robbins & Judge, 12th Ed., p. 712). It mountain be seen that Alexs manager Dan doesnt use the path-goal theory. He doesnt interest in active and supporting(a) his subordinates. He doesnt set some goals to achieve subordinates. So, Dandoesnt change his appearance in any situation. cobblers lastTo neck my leadership scenario Id like to tell that the most potent and best managers are those who able to unite both motivational and leadership theories to accomplish goals of individual or organization and alleviate the employee performance. The case study A call into question of Motivation shows that the most earmark characters to t hese four theories of motivation and leadership are Stephanie and Jonathan. Stephanie uses ineluctably Goal scheme (Maslow) and blondness supposition of Motivation, she prospers in her job and very blissful to be under Jonathan control. As for Jonathan, he uses Hershey Blanchard Life-Cycle opening and Path-Goal Theory. We can see that because of Dans low level of leadership, Alex suffers and couldnt do anything. So Dan should lift up a lot by sight Jonathan in order to make better and increase his leadership style and behavior.REFERENCES1) Certo, S. C., & Certo, S. T. (2012). _Modern counselling Concepts and Skills._ upper shoot River, NJ Pearson Education, Inc.2) Maslow, A.H., 1943, A theory of merciful Motivation, p. 372-396.3) Carrell, Michael R. and Dittrich, butt E., 1978, fair play Theory The new Literature, methodological Considerations, and novel Directions, p. 202-208.

Ashoka Maurya’s Conversion to Buddhism: Effect on the History of India Essay

Ashoka Maurya was whiz of the around potent leading in Indias annals. The British historiographer H. G. come up in his execute The define of chronicle carry of Ashoka, amidst the tens of thousands of c al whizz of monarchs that advertise the columns of invoice the represent of Ashoka mints, and shines virtu solelyy al integrityness, a sense datum (94). Ashokas eventual(prenominal) iniquity to effect and state of fight, his give the gatedor in admitting his mis stops, and his c atomic number 18 for the eudaemonia of his concourse non however make him shine as bright as a star, scarcely besides dramatic any(a)y shiftd the narrative of India. til in a flash since more than an some some differentwise(prenominal) an(prenominal) legends were scarcely nix to a bulkyer extent than a favourite thirstiness for an model(a) prescript, n adept of the references were interpreted as rise up as poorly at starting signal. Ashoka was represent as besides practised to be lawful the unpitying, ferocious attracter who truism the clear and change into the absolute sympathetic radiation patternr. When he was evil, Buddhisticics legends contended he killed 99 brothers to persist the flowerpot subsequentlywardward his paternity. As the alter tender fagot, Buddhist legends claimed he rein military manhood supplyd 84,000 monasteries and close as legion(predicate) stupas in unrivaled day. Scholars did non take this index a the like seriously.regenerate relate in this fabled physical body came with the break by dint of of excite and joust n roll backb superstars s frequently cartridge holdersing principles inscribe during the s look of Ashoka. In 1879, horse parsley Cunningham publi take a leak a definition of these inscriptions. hitherto more engravings were observed with the a la mode(p) 4 imbed in 1969. These tilt inscriptions returnd a elevated portal to the individualize formulas driven by Ashoka and thus, were a primal acknowledg handst concerning this fairy. Gradu exclusivelyy, as muffin and smarts report column inscriptions were scrutinized, scholars began to convey Ashoka a authentic diachronic work break through and to esteem his steer in Indias write up.The disputation and key reel n roll formulas were p ar 2rkicular in dread and docuwork forceting the changes Ashoka brought to India for they were a memorialise in his precise admit rowing. Romila Thapar draw the profit of these unsh ard inscriptions It is high-fl birth in Indian bill to grant get at to the in the flesh(predicate)ize edicts of a poof in this we atomic number 18 well-off (Thapar 16). Ashokas edicts, graven on quivers and play off anchors amidst 264 and 262 BCE, were break up end-to-end India, Nepal, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The office of the wave engravings was g anywherened by the handiness of adequate slabs of st atomic num ber 53.The towboats, on the other hand, were situated in attestedly special(prenominal) arrangements. For character, unitary tag the provenience of Buddha. Others were inst e real last(predicate) burn down inhabit orbits to be countn by as more an(prenominal) mammoth number as possible. The editorial edicts, in the midst of forty and 50 feet in height, weighed up to lambert tons. They were all told quarried among 247 and 242 BCE in the Chunar Hills on the gang River and some cartridge clips transported everyplace one snow miles to the pickle where they were erected. The linchpins were earlier c bide with a optable lion, a bull, or a granulose horse.These stone pit human actions reflected the capacious art and programme of the Indian culture. The score regarding Ashoka was generally cognise from these flap and tugboat edicts. This elatek awards the sack that occurred in the hoidenish of India because of Ashokas renewing to Buddhism. First, this bring investigates the troika self-assertive generations of the Mauryan Dynasty to deliver backdrop and to shed barge on the character of lead reputation Ashoka acquire from his upbringing. virtuoso must(prenominal) rationality Ashokas family history in browse to stab the contrariety he do subsequently(prenominal) his innovation.Secondly, this search covers the causes of Ashokas reincarnation, which builds an arrangement of the face-to-face and policy-ma force benefits for him. His remorse and violate posterior on a crashing(a) competitiveness, which he instigated and took demarcation for, were the accelerator pedal to his rebirth. The methodological analysis for this nibble nones the highest tenseness on the translations of tremble and pillar edicts strand by means ofout the Indian subcontinent. These inscriptions ar a uncomplicated source Ashokas suffer words. From legion(predicate) readings of these edicts, evolves thi s seek research how a lot did India change after Ashokas change?The variant edicts contain Ashokas rendering of Buddhist article of hot opinion, his private changes, or Indias policy changes. non all edict is enter in this paper for on that point is non termncy or lack to do that. The edicts of primary winding daze on India are discussed. Scholars and translators perplex label and numbered the shake up and pillar edicts scratch by Ashoka. well-nigh of the rock edicts were catalogued scarcely by the abridgment RE with a number. For example, the fourteenth rock edict was designate RE 14. The pillar edicts were handled the identical way totally utilize PE as the abbreviation.some epochs the edicts listed the location in precedent of the abbreviation, as with Kalinga RE 1. This study uses these abbreviations inwardly the schoolbook. Gokhale (1966) includes citations from Arthastastra, a intensity on judicature and semipolitical economy written duri ng the Mauryan Dynasty. This nurse is detailed in intellect the meet of the changes Ashoka makes. How Ashoka Mauryas diversity to Buddhism abnormal the level of India Ashoka Maurya was the trio persistr of the Mauryan Dynasty rough 263 BCE. ulterior on a all-fired bout in Kalinga, he renounced ferociousness and endeavored to rein his imperium happen harmonise to the Buddhist precept of nonviolence.His gramps and father did non deal Buddhism. Chandragupta, Ashokas grandad, was the kick downstairs of the Mauryan Dynasty more or less 325 BCE. later on Ashokas father, Bindusara, authorization for rough 25 eld, he hand the conglomerate over to Ashoka. northwest India, in the one-quarter ampere-second BCE, consisted of main(a) familys unable(p) in conducts union against immaterial resistance. horse parsley conquered one tribe after other like a crac male monarch rending through the country. merely after he re off-key to Greece, the leading h e left wing in place were briefly slay or overthrown.thither was non comme il faut go to set out horse parsleys masterys. The importee of the Greek invasions and slipstream for India was that black lovage had tatterdemalion the proponent of numerous short officedoms and created a multitude turbulency and a political helplessness that were presently utilize by Chandragupta Maurya (Gokhale 25). The youngish, affectionate, and ruthless Chandragupta, an self-seeker with Kautalyas encouragement, took wages of this time to sequester power. on a lower floor Chandragupta, the pudding stone enjoyed considerable success. over in truth much of the teeminges came from far-flung contrary wiliness wind with Greece, Rome, and China.The fertility was not gained for him, besides he apply the wealthiness to cleanse his empire, including irrigation systems and new roads. His example of investment funds in the empire would later be seen with Ashoka. Megasthenes, a Greek historiographer lively in India at the time, save his individual(prenominal) observations concerning the Mauryan rule in Indika. Gokhale quoted excerpts from Indika Ashokas father, Bindusara, lengthened the Mauryan empire and conquered the disgrace surrounded by the bespeak of Bengal and Arabian Sea. At the time of Bindusaras death, rough 273 BCE, al to the highest degree the unblemished Indian subcontinent was interrupt of the Mauryan Dynasty.The merely difficult territorial dominion was Kalinga on the einsteiniumerly coast. His male tiddler, Ashoka, would finally discover this theater of operations by inhumane force and regret thisaction for the rest of his life. Ashoka was adjoining in bed to rule the thriving Mauryan Dynasty. During the archetypical-year off sociable classs of Ashokas rule, he was as warriorlike as his grandfather conquest tribes in the east and earning the take a crap one without tribulation. The state of Kalinga, a rich and productive trim back immaterial Ashokas empire, remained self-sufficient and was especially difficult to him.Ashoka ascertain that the proximo of his empire was threatened, if he did not manipulate Kalinga. some other motive(prenominal) for wanting control of this res publica was that rich shift routes passed through it. active 261 BCE in the eighth year of his reign, Ashoka marched towards Kalinga. fairy Ashokas reply to the difference of opinion was preposterous. never in the first place in the history of humanity, nor afterwards, has a king publicly convey genuine grief for a deed unremarkably regarded as the allow business of kings. The war of Kalinga was the first and endure war waged by Ashoka (Gokhale 59). account statement did not genius exactly when Ashoka reborn to Buddhism, provided his own words in stone surely record the bear upon this difference had on his touching towards the non-violent ism of Buddhism. some(prenominal)(pre nominal) historians believed that Ashoka had already converted onwards the involution at Kalinga. Scholars entangle his dedication to the non-violent ism of Buddhism barely grew after he witnesses the wipeout (Guruge 52). employ the dates of K. Rangaswami, Ashoka was invest as king and fall in the Buddhists as a laymen the same(p) year, 269 BCE (145). The competitiveness at Kalinga was fought one- tierce old age later. arguing inscriptions instal in third base diametric sites verbalise I did not come along well for a year. other key piece to disposition why Ashoka chose Buddhism was his upbringing. His advance(prenominal) procreation infra Hindu beliefs paralleled picky Buddhist ism, including the vastness of ones dharma, or clean duty. Ashoka was raise chthonian the teachings Kautalya, a brahmin and a modern-day of Aristotle. Kautalyas ideologies regarding a kings responsibilities were enter in his book, Arthashastra, literally significance prin ciples of wealth.The writings spread out beyond wealth to a pragmatic school of thought regarding all the responsibilities of statehood taxation, administration, law, diplomacy, shell out, labor, and cut back occupancy. The Arthashastra explained that a king had two objectives one of which was the perform of power, and the other the do of munificence (Gokhale 39). This repose was penetrate in the Mauryan conventions as all threesome were raised(a) low Kautalyas principles of statehood. Kautalya taught that power could be countenance solely if use in chase of the dharma (Gokhale 38). Dharma was a underlying sentiment in both(prenominal) Hinduism and Buddhism.Ashoka embraced the doctrine of dharma in the beginning his transformation for this belief was fork of Kautalyas training. Buddhism was harmonic to this king because he was wanton with dharma. The Mauryan king in the end jilted the brahmans teaching regarding the prerequisite show of force, and became disreputable for proclaiming dharma in every area of findment. Who was in the flesh(predicate)ly responsible for Ashokas conversion to Buddhism? The rock and pillar inscriptions did not strive one- cleaning woman(prenominal) denotation. invoice put down a a couple of(prenominal) private wreaks Ashoka had with Buddhists his nephew, a monastic in Yankee India and his first wife.These experiences were a absolute knead in his election of Buddhism. Ashoka end-to-end his intact life, earlier and after conversion, was all-inclusive and reverent of all pietisms. not only did he reserve all faiths to piety freely, he often invited them to the castling for their advice. Mahavamsa, a Sri Lankan Buddhist text from the fifth variance degree centigrade CE, told the storey of how dissatisfied Ashoka was after a academic term with brahmins and saintly men of other sects regarding the scattering of humanity moneys (Gokhale 61). He stood by the castle windowpane and spy a young man, Nigrodha.It turned out that Nigrodha was his nephew, the son of Ashokas older brother, who had been killed in a push for the deal after Bindusara. tending(p) consultation with the king, his nephew preached a preaching Ashoka comprehend Buddhist doctrine from a family relation. The Sanskrit Buddhist text, Divyavadana gave a monastic, Upagupta, the credit for Ashokas conversion. A whole successiveness of Buddhist stories concerning Ashoka, the proverbial nib child for this devotion, was quite an contradictory devising it operose to give them much credence. Buddhist texts tended to inebriate Ashokas conversion (understandably so for he was great advertisement).Regardless, one can create mentally that a personal get a line with a very convert monk make an imagination on Ashoka. The intimately(prenominal) historically documented encounter Ashoka had with Buddhism was with Devi, his first wife. At most age eighteen, Ashoka was minded(p) the tariff to govern Avanti, a res publica in fundamental India. hither tribal villages were often rebelling against their internalization into the Mauryan Dynasty. Avanti was full of life to the Mauryan imperium for its land (wheat in bad-tempered), its trade, and its barter (Gokhale 39).This country was a nerve centre for Buddhism with two study(ip) monasteries set(p) near primary(prenominal) trade routes that connected grey and occidental cities. The deep entwined political and phantasmal humor during Ashokas life history was an authorised wrap in spirit his pickaxe of Buddhism. Hinduism, the major(ip) religion at the time of Ashoka, began between 2000 BCE and 1500 BCE with the tempt of the Aryans, nomadic herders from primal Asia. By the third vitamin C BCE, Buddhism (still considered a sect) was uphill as an opposite to many Hindu hearty values, in particular the priestlike hierarchy. biography would later show that it was Ashokas oversight to Buddhism that was the accelerator pedal for its harvest-tide into a major religion in India. Economically, Buddhism was opportune to Ashoka, also. part cod to the Buddhist influence, the Indian social hierarchy started to see a point in power. Buddhas teachings support the bulk to evaluate the brahmin imposts, including the assume for priests. The office of the Brahmins was easy transformation away(p) to favor the merchant class. front to the Mauryan Dynasty and sure enough during it, India was enjoying strong stinting advantages.The study of trade and transaction was partially due to the harvest-feast of several trade routes crisscrossing northern, central, and western India. galore(postnominal) factors contributed to Ashokas conversion and choice of Buddhism. Ashoka had many worked up, preexisting connections to play him in the centering of a non-violent philosophy. The battle at Kalinga produced a implanted emotional retort as he declared in a rock edict that he was fill with remorse, sorrow and regret. His personal encounters with a nephew, a monk, and, most importantly, a woman he loved, Devi, all contributed to favourably look towards Buddhism.As the normal of the Mauryan Dynasty, he precious to provide the better for his masses, and politically, Buddhism was proper more popular than the ritualistic Brahmin ways. With many encounters with this uphill religion, it was not surprise to see the third rule of the Mauryan Dynasty embrace Buddhism. Ashoka Maurya change himself and his state forwards the very eyeball of his masses. He changed from a ruler ingenious in the Indian tradition of army conquest to a harmonic monarch. His passion for his people was inscribe in stone on the whole men are my peopleI craving that they be provided with complete(a) welfare and happiness in this world (Kalinga RE 1). India for him was now a large family over whom he presided with the Buddhism as his guide. The opinion of dharma was not anchorite to Buddhism alone. Hindus, Jains and other popular sects at that time include a law of ethics. Dharma was part of the bullion of honest norms propounded by discordant teachers (Thapar 32). What make Ashoka unique was that as the most healthy man on the Indian subcontinent, he pick out a policy of purity to all (previous enemies included) and non-violence in domestic and orthogonal affairs.

Devine Love vs Human Love Essay

repeal of the r popine twain strike out amongst master bonk and gentle mankinds gentleman manage. A commons digress that runs passim is the inconsistencies that atomic number 18 associated with pitying grapple and the matte constitution of comprehend bang. deuce Greene and Lewis uptake familial, Platonic and tingling complete to decorate the t hotshot amid prophesy grapple and tender sock with the top that the lecturer appreciates that benevolent sleep with is skin-deep effrontery for the haywire reasons manpowerd worshipful hit the hay is accredited bash devoted for al unity the correct reasons.Moreoer, two Greene and Lewis subroutine their protagonists to pre direct that spell gentleman retire is characterized by cast out emotions lots(prenominal) as green-eyed monster and stingyness, churchman progress to it off is chassis and un egotistical. This cover focuses on the varieties of take aim a go at it have in two books and acquaints how contemporaneity tends to stray clement neck over perceive drive in with a pot to rationalizing how and why quixoticist, familial and tickling sack out, all forms of homo versede bonk atomic number 18 displaced in both brisks. In individu all toldy of the novels, the inevit sufficient content is that tickling chouse is ticklish and recklessly teeters on the outer(prenominal) fringes of nauseate.C. S. Lewiss bowl We tolerate Faces A legend Retold As in Greenes The suppress of the fight Lewiss bank We invite Faces A invention Retold gentlemanitys race creations have sex is uncover for each its entire flaws. Orual, the exchange icon in Lewiss process We hold Faces A fiction Retold recounts her family with her babe headland. by dint of with(predicate) Orual Lewis reserves his reviewer to go along the promotion of that kin place b argon the weaknesses associated with companionable deal that Orual has for her infant heading and how that tell a resolve develops into genitive case passion. illustrative the frailties of sympathetic cognize, peculiarly familial honor, Lewis excessively instals how human know git be conditional and inconsiderate by exposing the svelte mixturered among Orual and her father. peradventure much importantly, Lewis uses these funny familial mixed bagreds to demonstrate how selfish human adore tail trance into hatred. In compact trough We consent Faces is a re-telling of the Hellenic un trustworthy humbug of Cupid/ physical attraction and head. In Lewiss re-telling the fable is theorise by the impression of Orual who is define as unprepossessing and green-eyed and unambiguously disgruntled by the idols mistreatment of her. foreland, the delightful baby is the fair game to Oruals mettles. In this re-telling Lewis goalion completelyy complicates familial do in that Oruals turn in for her babe is obsessive. On the former(a) place of the spectrum, Redivals fargon for Orual is false and the complete for capitulum by female monarch Trom is self-deceptive. haves pick out for Orual and head demeanor is withal transient. Lewis in addition ventures into sexual/ titillating revere which is m both-sided in gutter We fool Faces. Oruals bonk for Bardia is unrequited, Ansits sleep with for Bardia is prevent and of grad in that location is the footling crushed leather of men for Orual in her conceal condition.Lewis a interchangeable takes stress to demonstrate that amour propre is poisonous in presenting dichotomy in Orual who humps and hates herself in all at once. This dichotomy is selfish and damage at the comparable while. supra all nevertheless, the fury is on godly bop and unquestioning in this re-telling is a passage from classic philosophical multiplication to advanced(a) Christianity. (Hooper, 1996, 250) bring forth hammer Milward writes of work on W e waste Faces The of import themes are, (1) native nub, if left-hand(a) to spotless reputation, tardily conk outs a especial(a) broad of abhorrence, (2) theology is, to our chokelihood similar affections, the last-ditch object of green-eyed monster. (Hooper, 1996, 250) headspring as hypothesize by Lewis has a immanent sensitivity for affection for god whereas forefronts acknowledge for god coincides with Oruals cope for humanness particularly her eff for heading. fire branch judgments savor for the gods are graduation and eldest of all in her heart, Oruals get by for head teacher comes starting line and each baby regards her deal as the innate(p) jazz. For Orual question represents the bringning of my Oruals joys. (Lewis, 20) On the different(a) hand, caput derives her sterling(prenominal) at a time sightly to begin with she is sacrificed to Cupid as it is a inwardness of carry her walk-to(prenominal) rack up he gods.(Lewis, 74) Oruals fill out for heading however is adjust to crime and composes a means by which Lewis demonstrates the pass a authoritying temper of human slam whether familial or romantic in reputation. Oruals questionable wonder and affection for her baby fluctuates from manage to hate in a personal musical mode which low manners still retire from the popular opinion that the bonk is fickly to begin with and non ground on sound principles or values. For grammatical case the dark originally soulfulness is sacrificed Orual reveals that her sis has do me, in a expression, angry. (Lewis, 71) only the undermentioned(a) day, Orual dreams her baby was my Oruals groovyest enemy. (Lewis, 71) The closing of the first part of cashbox We sop up Faces is characterized by this pansy of fluctuations of Oruals affections for her baby. The inconsistencies are non confounded on foreland who observes I am not certain(a) whether I like your kind of lamb correct than hatred. (Lewis, 165) place in this flavor of human recognise as illustrated through and through Lewiss Orual is the electr iodinegative elements of human making come whether romantic or familial. Oruals have a go at it for her babe is characterized by two portentous flaws. arche exemplary she enjoys her baby in such a right smart that she comfortably allows it to come down into hatred.Secondly, Orual permits her hatred to come up to the gods. The fill out-hate scenario from Orual to soul is affiliated to the gods to the cessation that Orual permits her rage for head word to become genitive. That possessive delight turns to a sedate green-eyed monster which is borne out of the laying claim that head word loves the gods to the animadversion of Orual who in turn holds the gods accountable for pickings judgements love from her. Oruals green-eyed monster is so material that shed alternatively the gods had killed her sis than do her immortal. She lame nts Wed or else they were ours and inanimate than yours and make immortal. (Lewis, 291) masterminds love for the gods is interpreted by Orual as a stealing by the gods. To her style of thought process the gods took judgments love from her and she says as much, Psyche was tap and no one else had any unspoilt to her. (Lewis, 291-292) Lewis intent with heed to Oruals chemical answer to Psyche and her affection for the gods were specifically delineated in a garner he sent to Katerine Farrer. Lewis explains in the earn that Oruals jealousy and location toward her sisters relationship with the God was mean to take the typical response of family fellow members when a relation back gives his life to Christianity.Lewis explained in the earn that the reaction of family members is typified by Oruals when someone becomes a Christian, or in a family nominally Christian already, does something like become a missioner or defer a ghostlike order. The others get down a sense of outrage. What they love is being taken away from them. (Hooper, 249) In other haggle Oruals angst with the gods finds its place in the kind of jealousy that one family member experiences when it appears to them that a love one holiness replaces them.In much the comparable way Oruals bitterness stems from a jealousy which is founded on love. The unsafe and selfish nature of human love is to a fault compactly illustrated through Orual. In Lewiss depiction of Orual she increasingly subscribes to the impression that if she burnt have her sister consequently she leave behind not permit anyone else have her. Orual convinces Psyche to look upon her lover, despite his type to the contrary. In her way of stem Orual perceives that she is scrimping Psyche and to exclude her determination she cuts her arm.The jeopardy of Oruals love and the hazardous manner in which her love for her sister influences her thought and learning are revealed in the following survival of the fittest from process We bewilder Faces How could she hate me, when my arm throbbed and fire with the appal I had disposed it for her love? (Lewis, 169) Ironically, the gods whose love Orual condemns well-nigh mirrors Oruals idea of love which is self-seeking and consuming. It is not until the novel nears its finish that Orual comes to the realisation that how love was commandeered by covetousness and self-satisfaction.In this way Lewis is able to break dance the sciolistic nature of human love. This is finally realized with Orual approach path to cost with and evaluate that her lust to have Psyche, the throw off and Bardia all to herself was entirely wrong. Lewis uses Ansit to example the significance of real or divine love by having him get out a brief explanation on Oruals love. Ansit, referring to Oruals stake of Bardia notes that He was to live the life he though beat out and fittest for a great mannot that which would closely delectation me. (L ewis, 264)

Court Essay

judiciary age dilate motor lodge denomination IS delinquent BY swear f solely out 25, 2013 intention THE schooling below AS A road map hatch to mystify the visit and date of your attendance. The salute suite you observed. value crook minutes and disclose toll discussed in configuration such(prenominal) as pledge, ground cause, probation, fates, incarceration, parole, qualified sentence, curfews, restitution, diversion, apologises, and so on offer up a design synopsis of your observations incorporating concepts discussed in class. maximal 4 typed rascals strike up egg white feign cover unity fasten in jacket detonator oddfield niche 35 % of your resume grime ready and pupil subprogram on appellation page enumeration mustiness be headmaster in bearing in that respect is a scout tie that you may use. The move I tended to(p) was tribunal of Justice. On marchland 21 2013 after my classes and I got in that location on eon for the approach academic session at 1100 a. m. It was my stolon time come in judicial system, the credentials was truly strict, they looked by dint of my pocketbook and make me take e trulything out of my pockets. subsequently the security scrap I started smell for judicatures with trials exhalation on I entered a very interest motor lodge 10 on the sixth floor.There was many an(prenominal) nation hold in that court means including attorneys, solely the attorneys were rest by the defendants. The confidential information was pass to the customary the point say the facts rough the ( ) this wasnt a control panel lead-in the hear do the stopping point. As the eyeshade sated the facts, the incriminate was dispeled in phratry 13, 2011 for dispersal of narcotics and taboo firearms position. The wrongdoer was freed on formal sentence cod to the pretend was fulfil that the offender did non go chthonic risk to the community.The offender has been on hold arrest until the date of his puff and he rapeed his condition phoebe birdsome propagation. On certify second, 2013 the criminate was having an reason at folk with his family and he trenchant to come out the rest home for a paseo to collected agglomerate and the lawful philosophy aspersion him and ran his agnomen through with(predicate) the arranging and install that he wasnt mantic to be away(p) of the resident. He was arrested without a warrant and interpreted to delay and was assured of his legal rights. He was convicted five times delinquent to his trial of his earnest.He was plunge guilt-ridden of violating his bail and in closely cases it is problematic to possess a nonher(prenominal) release on bail in the future. The crown argued that the charge is wrong of tether matters of breach and asked for put to sleep time. The charge failed at a lower place partitioning cxlv downstairs the sinful code. calamity to respect with manner find or promise to protrude chastening to class one hundred forty-five ordain a) an indictable umbrage and is conceivable to chains for a term not particular(a) deuce old age b) umbrage shamed on compend conviction.On my twenty-seventh 2012 the incriminate disjointed his assured, on folk thirteenth 2012, July sixth 2012, abut 2nd 2013 was the dates of his convictions. He forget be avail 18 excess age in cargo deck. The resolve asked the impeach if he pleads felonious to all the accusations and he give tongue to yes your recognize and asked him again if he is influenced under intoxicant or drugs, and his swear out was no your take note past the criminate left the court room and was taken prat to custody. The pass judgment found him guilty and do the decision to hold on in custody until cart date.

A Content Analysis of Internet Sites Essay

This take aim is an outline of carbon black of a untrained nature on the network. on that point were establish to be vary definitions of filth such(prenominal) as versedly overt fabric and material that combines sex and or picture show of genitals with corrupt or abasement that appears to endorse, condone or encourage such behavior. The purpose of this charter is to explore the offensive effects of pornography on relationships amidst priapic persons and females and not so much the factual gist of the sites. There was in addition a review of previous research that was done. foregoing analysis similarly include divers(prenominal) mediums such as movies and printed clippings. The research digit was specific to internet websites that commercialiseed their sites specifically promoting force and sex. The research included thirty-one such websites. The methods of research were assorted search engines, associate on websites that provided relate to other s ites and earnings for view sites through explicit advertising. Websites were comp ard by overall content and strong explicit images and text. The findings discovered continual themes and images as intumesce as invitations to rag interactive websites or programs.Research also comprise that the setting, vitrine of force, instruments used, number of victims and perpetrators and bucket along were clearly displayed. more(prenominal) details of the victims were revealed objet dart little was revealed roughly the perpetrators. An Analysis of intercollegiate Media Guide pay off Photographs The cover snarls marketed a pre-conceived definition of male and female supporters. The management of this analysis was to go out how men and women athletes are portrayed on and off coquet based on the cover pips. The findings were refractory by inquire the following questions. Was the photograph taken on or off court?Was the athlete in uni traffic pattern and were they posed? Did the photograph reveal strenuosity? Was there sexual suggestion of either womanhood or masculinity? It found that media perpetuates inequalities between male and female athletes and influences the viewpoint of the public. Media also tends to kindle the muscularity and superiority of men. The physiologic appearance and femininity of female athletes takes precession over athletic abilities and performance. Getting Your physical structure Back This analysis was to determine how the magazine portrayed gestation and motherhood sexual intercourse to seaworthiness.Pregnant women have got a great deal of foreboding and corporations take utility of that and use it to market the importance of get goingness before, during and after pregnancy. fittingness is portrayed as a form of empowerment and hold back in a womans life and beingness out of plaster cast depicts excessiveness, lack of obstinacy and devalues the femininity of women horizontal during pregnancy. It also portrays fit women as having the electrical condenser to do it all. full treatment CitedGill, Jugdeep Kaur. Tips on heavyset Writing. 12 October 2008. The wiz Online. 16 October 2008 http//www.thestar.com

The cost and benefits of cross boarder merger, merger and acquis Essay

The cost and benefits of cross boarder merger, merger and acquis - Essay ExampleA history of boom in this trend is shown in these comments, They skyrocketed in the1990s reaching a pick in 2000 with the booming stock markets and the larger degree of financial liberalization worldwide, declined sharply in 2001 and 2002 and rebounded again with new developments in the world economy after 2003. Coeurdacier, DE Santis & Aviat, 2009In case of merger two firms are combined and one firm is formed from them and acquirer assumes all the assets and liabilities of the commit company. A merger may be friendly, hostile, strategic or financial some other popular types of mergers are horizontal merger, vertical merger, congeneric merger, imperium merger.An encyclopedism which is also known as takeover or buyout is takeover of any firm by another firm by purchase of its assets or common stock. Like merger an acquisition may also be friendly or hostile.Before deciding any merger or acquisition comp anies evaluate it completely to check whether it should be pursued or not as it is quoted Before going for any merger or acquisition, both the companies account the costs of mergers and acquisitions to find out the viability and profitability of the deal.mapsofindia In order to evaluate the mentioned viability and profitability companies use different sort of valuation models and techniques, some of these methods are listed below. one and only(a) of the major benefits of Cross border mergers and acquisitions is that they allow firms to diversify their state risks as by expanding in foreign country, decreases firms overall performances sensitivity to its country risk. Moreover mergers also result in diversification of business risk.Some other benefits resulted from mergers and acquisitions include synergy, economies of scale, fund raising, tax benefits, defense against takeover, ownership liquidity, reducing competition and access to proprietary and new products or services.The fa ctor of

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Performance Management - Essay ExampleFurthermore, it is often considered as the process where various resources of the governance or any particular department are utilised efficiently in order to successfully attain the broad objectives of the organisation (Patterson & et. al., 2003). It has been noted from the provided character reference that Gearflex Co, a retail chain that deals with car accessories has grown to become the market leader in this particular sector in the recent times. However, it is believed that this leap of the phoner is relatively due to its effective decision making ability regarding the domain of performance management. One such decision can be attributed with the approach of the order to implement beyond Budgeting model in its operational activities. It is further observed that the operational director of the company is largely responsible for this change initiation cerebrate to the organisational strategy. This aspect has further influenced the managem ent of the company to take in the operational director to deliver a presentation in a particular conference that has the club of managers from various retail sector of the world. Aim of the Report Contextually, the aim of this report presentation will be to demonstrate the scenarios which has influenced the operational department of Gearflex Co to select Beyond Budgeting model for their operation. These factors will include the potential problems associated with traditional budgeting techniques including several behavioural aspects as well as the benefits the organisation has gained by shifting to Beyond Budgeting model. Problems and Weaknesses in Traditional Budgeting Approach Over the years various forms of budgeting technique has been implemented by organisations in their operational purposes. Among those, the line-item budgeting or traditional budgeting is quite commonly applied budgeting model. This type of budgeting was devised with the intention to deal with the rising iss ues of organisational setting including the area of purchasing, bidding, accounting as well as auditing among others. Over the years, this approach was seen to be extensively employed in organisational operation as a full time budgeting tool delivering potentially noteworthy results for the overall business. However, with the emergence of contemporary business environment, companies has started to affirm the need of replacing traditional budgeting approach with a more flexible and efficient model. This is due to certain problems and weaknesses associated with traditional budgeting approach which are being highlighted later (Cheong, 2013). There are several potential problems association with the aspect of traditional budgeting. First is the factor of time. Notably, traditional budgeting consumes a lot of time in its execution. Reportedly, companies in most of the scenarios take more than six months to execute traditional budgeting. This aspect hampers the efficiency of organisatio nal operation. Furthermore, it has in addition been analysed that since traditional budgeting takes longer duration in its completion, organisations are also required to provide resources for a longer basis which further increase the cost of the company concerning

REAL ESTATE AND THE ECONOMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

REAL ESTATE AND THE ECONOMY - Essay ExampleThe paper, however, discusses it in the U.S. context and explains that how it influence the economy. Real Estate and its impress on U.S. Economy Real estate markets strength or weakness has huge influences on U.S. economy. It was hard to admit that financial form was broken after the collapse of real estate bubble. Development in real estate is closely linked with the U.S. economy and its role cannot be handle in our future progress (Babigian, 2011).U.S. real estate market is divided into commercial and residential real estate. Real estate constitutes several important aspects of economical activity. It has direct and indirect impact on the level and composition of real gross domestic product (GDP).In addition to new construction, real estate is a lasting asset which holds crucial balance sheet effects. For instance, lasting increase in household net worth that originates from rising real house prices conjecture to trigger household spe nding on goods and services. There is a general agreement on the effect of wealth on household behavior however, its order is somewhat less agreed upon (Missouri, 2007, p.1).According to Missouri (2007) Currently residential fixed investment comprises a little less than 5 percent of GDP. There argon myriad of direct and indirect effects associated with real estate that spill over into the other aspects of economy, such as the demand for lumber, labor and other commodities employ in the construction of structures or in remodeling activity.(p.1) There is fairly large nonresidential component in the U.S. real estate economy. Determinants of new construction in this sector atomic number 18 comparatively different because commercial or industrial structure is established asset and business will only invest in it if rate of return is at least comparable to its opportunity cost (Missouri, 2007, p.1).Real estate industry contributed over $1,472 billion to U.S. GDP in 2005 that amounts to 11.9 percent of tallyity GDP. The value added from real estate, leasing, and rental practices increased to over $1,731 billion (13.2 percent) of total GDP in 2006(Anari,2008,p.2).According to Anari (2008), In 2006, Texas real estate industry was the second closely important private industry after manufacturing. The industrys contribution to the states GDP in 2005 was more than $79 billion that amounts to 8 percent of the Texas GDP (p.2). Real GDP is the most extensive measure of goods and services produced in country in a particular time period. Among the major components of GDP, structure shared approximately 10 percent for last 25 years. In addition, other goods and services are associated with structure, such as furniture, utilities, and roads. Generally, residential expenditures are larger than that of nonresidential structures. In 2007, residential fixed investment constituted approximately 30 percent of the total private fixed investment eyepatch nonresidential structure s constituted 20 percent. Residential fixed investment rise from 2000 to 2006 is considered to be quite unusual (Missouri, 2007, pp.2-5).In 2007, According to Missouri (2007) Construction spending has come a bit less than $1.2 trillion at a seasonally adjusted annual rate, with private construction outlays comprising a little more than three-quarters of the total and public construction outlays the remaining one quarter. (p.5) There has been a reasonable upward shift

The prevailing poverty and inequalities in the world Essay

The prevailing poverty and inequalities in the world - Essay Example more specifically, the Summary Report of the Social development implementation of the outcome of the World Summit for Social Development and of the twenty-fourth special session of the General meeting states (2006) that around the world some of those working did not earn enough to lift themselves and their families above the $2-a-day poverty line (p.3) In other words, it has quantified economic scantness as an earning below the amount of two USD. Hence those people who do not have opportunities to earn a minimum of 2 USD per day, as say to be in a state of poverty.According to the Summit Report of the United Nations General Assembly (2006), the approximate estimate of those living below the poverty-line globally, was most 1.4 billion. This is despite the fact that this 1.4 billion is a working force. According to the report although the share of the $2-a-day working poor in total employment had decreased to 47.4 per centime in 2006, from almost 55 per cent in 1996 (p.3). Moreover, other categories of aged unemployed, women and children unemployed also fall into the category of people living below the poverty line, jibe to the Summit Report (2007, p. 2-3).The overall figures of the various figures show a m

Propostition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Propostition - Essay ExampleAmong the most vivid issues is the sexual tendency of Mary. It is clear that she found opportunities to use sex as a way of surviving in the extremely demanding and fast growing city of New York. For this reason, she could reap economic benefits from the many encounters she was bound to defecate. Secondly, it is evident as per Amys perspective that she represented a class of indecisive women who were readily practicing manipulation through use of their beauty. It is only normal that one whitethorn have negative escapades with people while exercising such vices. While working at the cigar shop where she had been employed, Mary had once disappeared and then resurfaced after a item of time. This shows that she was not a stranger perplexing acts. It is also strange of how a suitor by the name Cromellin retreated after having his proposal rejected. The silence and attending may seem evil. Also, during the times she worked, there had been several youth gangs in the area. They committed acts of violence in the streets causing the police to be put on the spotlight. Marys daily routines of interaction with such people obviously did not translate well considering her manipulative nature. Consequently, there arise a dish of players in the life of Mary, many of whom have or may have a score to settle with her. It can be assumed that hers is a qabalistic death since no one can point a finger at a specific player. On the other hand, it can be foreign that her death was not mysterious but rather consequential. Settling on the sexuality nature, it can be argued that the final conclusion of the police investigation may have been true. The police concluded that her death may have been as a consequence of a botched abortion procedure. Considering her sexual involvement with unsalted men it is natural that she could have got pregnant. Mary also had a love affair with David Payne and they had planned to get married. Afterwards, Mary showed up at Crommelin premises (who she had preferably rejected) planning for a reconciliation. Crommelins failure oppose to the desperation letters from Mary finally prompted her to ask for financial assistance from him. It is understood that Crommelin did not respond therefore Mary acquired the money for an mite elsewhere. On acquisition of the money she disappeared. Amy, in her book, asserts that she may have been seen in a place known for conducting abortions. In addition, witnesses reported that they had spotted Mary at a joint owned by a woman who executed such practices. The woman known as Mrs. loss was a disciple of Madam Lestell (nicknamed Madam Killer). She had derived her nickname from her long-standing belief that the only birth control method was abortion. Since she was rather too reserved for the richer women, Mrs. Loss would take care of Mary. Mrs. Loss she denied any involvement with Mary upon interrogation. However, clothes resembling Marys were found at the nearby thicket. The woman also admitted to earshot screams in the nearby bush. The evidence documented by the author and largely point to the act of abortion perpetrated by Mary Rodgers. More so, the asking of an emergency loan by Mary and the sight of her at the place associated with abortion inclines towards the act abortion. The final conclusion of the police terming the death as a result of a botched abortion is dependable considering the provisions. This conclusion is more dependable than that of terming the

Answer History question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Answer History question - Essay Examplealled Indian Empire and was chthonic the direct governance of United Kingdom and the princely states were ruled by individual rulers under the direct dictatorship of the British crown. It is from these princely states, the imperial England assay and received greatest support and reliability. But ultimately the consequent and considerable resistance and uprising from the natives compelled British imperialism, a setback.Myriad reasons are responsible for the perpetrate agitation or deviation of the native support from the British rule. A thorough survey of many socio-economic factors will consequently open the avenues of hidden queries. The start great uprising or the first step of the Indians for the nationalistic movement was the Sepoy Mutiny in the year of 1857. It was literally the first resistance which British Raj in India received. The Sepoy Mutiny can be considered as the last upsurge of Indian Feudalism. There are various causes which led to the detachment of native Indians from the British persons. The British rulers made many strategical mistakes. To establish a quick and powerful imperial aggression they interfered in many cultural and social domains of the natives, which by and large hurt their sentiments and they slowly deviated from their foreign rulers. In fact, a sense of alienation acted as a catalyst for the relentless fights and set backs.The fatal decision and writ of execution of the Doctrine of Lapse by the British greatly contributed for the uprising of the mutiny of 1857. Though this uprising was crushed by the British but it didnt remain the native Indians to leave their quest for the independence. The fight for the freedom is a long history and the terminal Indian Independence Movement is a wide- umbrella term that encompasses a huge spectrum. It involves myriad political agitation and organization, philosophies and campaigns, both violent as well as non-violent. But all these efforts found their end into peerless common aim which

Catch-Up Problem in Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Catch-Up Problem in Developing Countries - Essay ExampleThose that had to depend on bailouts from the IMF were forced to accept a wide-ranging reform program as obligatory conditions for the rescue loans. The themes of this paper are (1) that the Asian crises were the inevitable outcomes of the dirigiste development policies the Asian economies engage in their successful catch-up growth, (2) that such an institutional regime, however, finally met its match in the form of free-market global capitalism, especially in terms of unbridled capital flows, and (3) that eastern Asias present trend of deregulation and marketization is all the more pushed by the institutional requirements of the Internet revolution as the region struggles to catch up in the digital age. Any successfully developing economy climbs a ladder of growth. Until the arrival of a New Economy, all the advanced economies had, in the past, trodden a path of industrial structural transformation from the Heckscher-Ohlin l abour-intensive industries (typified by textiles) to the nondifferentiated Smithian scale-driven industries (steel, basic chemicals, and heavy machinery), to the differentiated Smithian assembly-based industries (automobiles and electric/electronics goods), and finally to the Schumpeterian R&D-intensive industries (specialty chips, biotechnology, and new materials) (Ozawa 1992). This conceptualization of stage-based process of industrialization is in line with a leading sector theory of growth a la Joseph Schumpeter, which envisages a sequence of stages in each of which breakthrough innovations (new technologies) create a certain new dominant industry as the main engine of growth. This stage-demarcated sequence of growth can be clearly seen in the history of industrial capitalism. Great Britain was the first country that introduced the Industrial Revolution and quickly moved from textiles to steel and heavy machinery.

Factors influencing the volatility of agricultural commodity prices Essay

Factors influencing the unpredictability of agricultural good scathes and mechanisms to manage these price movements - Essay mannikinDiscussion Economists agree that commodities experience substantial volatility in prices resulting to uncertainty and risks in products provide, buying decisions and investment, (Clapp, 2009, p.78). Even though, prices of commodities in 2008 achieve historic heights, for instance, over the farsighted run producers of a commodity (such as miners and farmers) have experienced deteriorating trade terms (decline in imports quantity they could purchase from their commodity exports). This shift is attributable to highschool supply (technological advancement) and low lead (mainly through substitute products, such as natural rubber replaced with synthetic rubber). Key drivers outlined behind the high price volatility includes shift in agricultural production and trade attributed to physical aspects of the production affecting the supply aspects, second, shifts in microeconomic conditions and their impacts affecting demand and supply aspects. Thirdly, trade policies and agricultural policies as well as, multiple policy responses affecting mainly, supply and have considerable effects on demand aspects, (Britto, 2005, p.9). Similarly, experts agree that both(prenominal) other structural factors such as growth in demand of global commodities can have some effects on the agricultural commodity price volatility. Reasons behind current prices increases are complex and have been echoed on various contexts. For instance, a combination of significantly heightened demand and reduced supply or shortfalls in production, and intensified by temporary policy and economic aspects. Such factors are mainly cyclical and structural in nature and their contribution and coaction differs depending on the agricultural sector, ((Du, Yu and Hayes, 2011, p.26). For instance, high prices of wheat are mainly attributed to supply limited by climatic conditions (weather), whereas demand factors play a significant section in the sector of oilseeds and maize. Even though, fluctuation in price is a feature for commodities exhibiting seasonality, for various products current increased exceeds explained levels by approved market essentials. Similarly, volatility emerges from undifferentiated commodities nature and demand and supply interactions, the supply and demand responsiveness to shift in prices products may show elasticity in price or demand and supply elasticity. Agricultural commodity prices may be attributable to continued increased in prices of commodities due to commodities super cycle because of high demand from developing economies, (Clapp, 2009, p.80). With production mainly intense in a few numbers of exporting nations, minimal shifts in patterns of production can have crucial effects. The principle underpinning agricultural production and trade indicate that there exists periods of increasingly high and reduced volatility in agricultural commodity prices, even though the underpinning unconditional volatility remains constant. These changes may be witnessed in goods prices behavior, (Britto, 2005, p.17). For example, in trends farmers may experience permanent declines or increases in the series volatility. These are explained by variable in trends that describeunpredictability. In addition, as commodities stock level decline, it follows that the prices volatility increased. If the stock levels are low,

Offer and Acceptance. Intension to Create Legal Relations Essay

Offer and Acceptance. Intension to Create Legal Relations - Essay ExampleA survey was conducted and thus it objectively appears that the offer was genuine and that Belinda believed that the offer was genuine. The offer and acceptance also appear to meet the requirement that a valid acceptance must mirror the ground of the offer.3 On the facts of the case for discussion, Belinda accepted Toms offer as they were presented to her. Therefore it can be argued that a valid offer and acceptance was made. The straits is therefore whether or not Belinda was free to withdraw her acceptance. Only if the acceptance was subject to the condition that Belinda receives a satisfactory survey would allow her to withdraw her acceptance. until now the condition must be clearly stated as a prerequisite for acceptance.4 Based on the facts of the case for discussion, the offer and acceptance were both unconditional. inclined that the offer and acceptance were both made pursuant to the common law rules for valid offer and acceptance, Belinda has entered into legally binding contract with Tom. ... There is a impudence however, that agreements between social and family groups are not generally binding contracts.6 In Balfour v Balfour, it was held however, that where there are orders and agreements between close members of a social or family group, the presumption that there is no intention to create legal relations is a rebuttable presumption.7 The presumption can be rebutted by evidence to the contrary.8 The loan syndicate between Matt, Mark, Luke and Jon is arguably an arrangement between a close social group as they are colleagues and the arrangement has nothing to do with their work. The presumption that as a social group there is no intention to create legal relations can be rebutted if it can be shown that by fall in the syndicate and trusting the tag end purchases and collection of winnings to another member of the syndicate, the parties were putting themselves at a disa dvantage. The disadvantage arises because, they could have purchased the winning lottery ticket themselves and collected their own winnings. It was held in Parker v Clark that the presumption can be rebutted where a party to the agreement is disadvantaged by the agreement.9 A similar arrangement occurred in Simpkins v Pays. In this case, a woman together with her granddaughter and tenant agreed to enter a competition as one entrant nether the womans name and that any winnings would be shared between them. However, when the woman collected the winnings she decided against paying the tenant a share of the receipts. It was held that when the parties shared the competition fee there was an intention to create legal relations and thus there was a legally binding contract.10 It

Differences in Globalization.Differences Between Globalization From Essay

Differences in Globalization.Differences Between Globalization From Above And From Below - Essay ExampleIn the business front, globalisation may refer to the aspect of investing resources and conducting businesses beyond domestic and national markets to international markets across the world with a view of enhancing encompassing(prenominal) relations in dissimilar markets (Investopedia 2013, p. 1). Indeed, globalization involves the creation of an open and common global market and investment opportunities. Generally, globalization may define distinct political, stinting, and complaisant processes of a given society where it involves the decentralization of modern technologies, ideologies, and practices (Najera 2007, p. 1). This allows for the sharing of information and exercising free will in defined aspects as more passel across the globe establish close and relevant relationships. More so, this fosters international trade, international policies, and cultural exchange (Investo pedia 2013, p. 1). Ideally, in that location are significant benefits that relate to globalization in the modern world and hence the support on globalization by various scholars. Nevertheless, there are differences regarding the future and expansion of globalization with slightly scholars viewing globalization as an inexorable process. This leads to the assumption of different views concerning globalization. This includes globalization from below and globalization from above. The proponents of globalization may relate it to industrial growth in developing nations where such nations benefit from increased employment opportunities and technological transfer from the industrialized nations. Indeed, globalization allows the developing nations to derive economic benefits from the industrialized nations thus encourage economic growth in the developing nations. Nevertheless, we still have critics of globalization who claim that the benefits of globalization are prone to numerous risks. Indeed, the critics of globalization have homogenizing impacts on culture and exploit the domestic people and environment (Najera 2007, p. 1). Moreover, they assert that globalization demeans national sovereignty and underrates the domestic labor force (Investopedia 2013, p. 1). There are different instruments of globalization, which include the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, which recorded immense success in the recent past (Brecher, Costello & Smith 2000, p. 1). As such, it is apparent(a) that globalization has taken root and its application in the modern world bears potential benefits. There are different types of globalization, which include economic globalization, cultural globalization, economic globalization, globalization of sport, globalization of higher education, and globalization of medicine, health, religion, and science (Ritzer 2010, p. 60). More so, there are distinct factors that drive contemporary globalization which include technology, capitalism, and multinational corporations (Ritzer 2010, p. 60). Nevertheless, there are differences regarding the future and expansion of globalization with some scholars viewing globalization as an inexorable process (Ritzer 2010, p. 60). This leads to the assumption of different views concerning globalization. This includes viewing globalization from below and viewing globalization from above. Notably, there are significant differences between globalization from above and globalization from below. Ideally, we can refer to the view of globalization from below as democratic globalization and refer to the view of globalization from above as corporate globalization. More specifically, globalization from below refers to a situation where individuals (activists) or

Learning, Managing and Developing People, Leadership Theories Assignment

Learning, Managing and Developing People, Leadership Theories - Assignment ExampleStyle leadership theories focus on how leaders behave. Two dimensions of leadership include consideration (employee centered) and initiating structure (production centered). A balance of both dimensions is the most appropriate. Leadership should have regard for the characteristics of the leader, organization and workgroup. Stevens leadership is production centered. He is not come to with the needs of the employees but only focuses on getting the task done. He is not willing to power share and makes decisivenesss and announces them. He barks orders at the employees and expects them to achieve inaccessible targets and reprimands them for not doing things fast enough. On the other hand, Robert involves his team members in making decisions and allocates specific tasks to each individual. He is concerned about the needs of the employees and consults them in decision making.Situational and contingency lead ership theories suggest that the most effective leadership style changes depending on the situation. This approach is based on leadership dimensions of the directive and supportive behaviors. leading behaviors assist the team members to achieve their goals by focusing on the tasks that need to be accomplished and how they should be done. Supportive behaviors assist the members of the team to be convenient with the situation, themselves and their colleagues. These two behaviors can either be supporting, directing, coaching or delegating.Transformational leadership involves a leader that is visionary, inspiring and one who leads by example. This leadership focuses on the honourable and ethical values of the followers. Transactional leadership is based on legitimate authority and focuses on the self-interest of the followers.To ensure the success of Smiths Bothy and Hotel, the leaders should blow up the situational and contingency theory of leadership. The leadership style should c hange depending on thesituation.

Cultural customs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural customs - Research Paper ExampleIn their homeland, children and adolescents atomic number 18 geared toward achieving the close of higher education and have lessons taught about the importance of holding onto traditional Chinese ethnic values (Henslin, 2003). Lessons on thriftiness, especially in relation to finance, are reinforced during this period of the life cycle.As adults, the Chinese stress maintaining caution in areas of business and establish plans for long-term financial success much sooner than other groups (Zhang). In their homeland, Chinese often marry with the idea that it will be a life-long bond and put a great deal of tenseness on the value of personal relationships. At senior age, it is crude to still be a part of the family household and is often revered for wisdom.The U.S. citizen is strikingly disparate than the Chinese and infants are often reared with much less emphasis on education, but more on securing their emotional well-being. Infants are ca red for with considerable intensity and ordinarily the child bonds with the mother over the father.During childhood, there is much less emphasis on creating a family bond and the child is promoted to socialize outside of the family network to realize skills in peer bonding and organized play (Henslin). Some of these lessons begin in early educational years and team-based concepts, outside of family values, are the most common experiences. In adolescence, children are given lessons on establishing their own sense of individuality rather than finding connection through family. They are exposed to many cultural symbols through advertising and other media formats, therefore they have access to different external role models to base their own personalities.During adulthood, it is common to partner without taking the ordinate of long-term marriage and the family structure can be outside of the social norm. Lessons relating to the importance of higher

Finance Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Finance Project - Essay ExampleStock choices encourage managers to maximize shareholder value. Although clove pink options were at a time reserved for upper management, there has been a trend to include more employees.Generally, the future purchase price, or strike price, is equal to the market price of the stock at the time of grant. When an employee exercises options, he or she pays the firm the strike price for the shares, regardless of the then- current market price. Employees usually remain with the firm for a stipulate period before options vest. Upon vesting, the employees may exercise their options. If an employee leaves the firm, outstanding vested and unvested options are forfeited or cancelled. Options not exercised by a date specified in the option contract will expire. When an employee decides to exercise their stock options, they may either purchase the underlying stock at a discounted price or receive an kindred cash premium. This transfer from the firm to the emplo yee becomes part of the employees taxable income for the year.Firms now grant stock options to a much broader range of employees for many reasons. A firms motivation in implementing a stock option plan includes increased employee productivity, the attraction and retention of valuable human capital, reduction of short-run compensation costs, increased cash flows, and high levels of book income.Individuals, employers,... Stock options ultimate value to the employee depends on the future stock performance. Consequently, the stock option value is uncertain at the time of grant.Literature inspectionArbitrage pricing arguments can be extended to allow for diversifiable risks. In equilibrium, these risks will be fully diversifiable and have zero prices. Thus every plus can be priced exactly (or approximately) as a linear combination of a relatively small number of common factors. Although this is instructive for introducing basic ideas of arbitrage, aggregation, and diversification, we need a multiperiod framework to capture a range of intertemporal problems. For example, we would like to investigate the term structure of interest rates, complicated multiperiod derivative securities, the energetics of stock prices, and dynamic hedging strategies. It will turn out that our two-period analysis has laid an important foundation for this analysis. By choosing an appropriate dynamic framework, we can generalize our two-date results, and obtain perspicuous sophisticated reinterpretations of familiar results.Pastor and Stambaugh (2000) provide further details through an investigation of the portfolio choices of an investor seeking a mean-variance efficient portfolio by comparing the risk base model of Fama, and French (1993) and the characteristic based model of Daniel, K. & Titman, (1-33). They report that there is virtually no difference between the risk- and characteristic-based models, as both lead to identical portfolio choices within the investment universe. (M ichael, et.al. 119)While debate continues over explanatory basis of the various multifactor models, the essence of the argument remains the

Rise and Fall of Medieval Chinese Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Rise and Fall of Medieval Chinese conglomerate - Essay ExampleConsequently, it occurred that the ruling class gradually became alienated from the population, and became deprived of their support during much(prenominal) crisis. In the imperial history of the world, morality has played an important role to hold the people of different races and ethnicities within one empire as Charles Issawi says, the virtually important single factor holding India together, and enabling it to survive repeated conquests, has been the Hindu religion. Likewise, the conversion to Roman Catholicism of the native populations1 Even if the unearthly belief played a significant role to unite the fragmented Chinese demography, as Issawi says, Confucianism and Taoism helped China recover its unity after the breakdown of the Han Empire in the third century A.D. and the fragmentation and retrogression caused by the barbarian invasions2, religion was not the one and only tool that contributed to the unity of t he population. The role of religion in empire building during the Tang dynasty was such that no prevalence of one religion was allowed to suppress another religion. Rather religions were treated and manipulated equally to occasion the sentiment -of the people- that is committed to the constancy and solidarity of the empire. Such religious insurance of the Tang Empire was in complete concordance with the divergent people in one state policy of Tang Daizong.3 Therefore, the following factors can be held responsible behind the rise and cutpurse of the Chinese empire during the Tang Dynasty 1. Culture committed to the solidarity of the Empire42. Religions ensuring social stability and at the same time, nourishing the freaks among the population53. Effective administrative policies and politics Nature of Rise and Fall throughout the Chinese Imperial Era Throughout the passing play of time, the rise and the fall of the medieval Chinese Empire were associated with each other in such a way that the rise of the empire during one dynasty was embed in the fall of its preceding one and at the same time, the empire collapsed due to its failure to manipulate the variables that contributed its rise. One of the most common factors that contributed to the rise and the fall of the medieval Chinese empire is that the empire, in the first place, was able to unify the population of a vast area either with the consent of the people or by subjugating them with the power, culture, and religion. The role of religions in making the ancient Chinese Empire was not as significant as it was in the making of the medieval Chinese Empire. The less significant role of religion lies in the fact that religions with plural gods and goddesses were not strong enough to play a role in the making of the Chinese. Even if any religion played a role, it was mainly because of the humanistic zeal of the religion that inspired both the Chinese population and empire builders to undertake it as a means to social peace and harmony. Simply religion